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Evaluation of Momordica Charantia L. Fruit Extract for Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities Using in Vivo Assay

M. Ullah
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Bangladesh.

Mir Showkat
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Bangladesh.

Nazim Uddin Ahmed
Bangladesh Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Saiful Islam
Bangladesh Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Nurul Absar
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Momordica charantia L. fruits, leaves, seeds and roots are considered as valuable traditional medicine. It is considered antidotal, antipyretic, tonic, antispasmodic, mild hypotensive. It builds immunity, relieves fever and reduce cholesterol level. To give a scientific basis for medicinal usage of this medicinal plant, the fruit extract was evaluated for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the acute toxicity study, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Momordica charantia L. fruit extract were evaluated in a series of in vivo assay. Acetic acid induced writhing test and tail immersion test in mice were used to study the analgesic effect, while the effect of the extract on acute inflammation was investigated by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. For photochemical analysis in vitro assay were performed according to the slandered procedure. The oral administration of M. charantia extract upto 2 g kg^-1 in mice was found to be safe The extract significantly (p<0.001) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing and tail-immersion test induced pain at dose 500 mg kg^-1, p.o. The extract also produced a moderate anti-inflammatory activity which was found to be significant at all the doses tested. The ethanolic extract showed 42.10% anti-inflammatory effect at dose 500 mg kg^-1, p.o. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, glycosides, steroids and sterol. The results obtained in this study lend credence to the ethnomedical use of the plant in the management of pain and inflammatory conditions. Thus, supporting the development of the biologically active substances as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents. M. charantia may therefore, be a good candidate for functional foods as well as pharmaceutics.

Keywords: Bitter melon, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Ethanolic extracts

Location: Rangamati District, Chittagong Hill tracts, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Bitter gourd

Objectives:

To investigate the secondary metabolite contents, acute toxicity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of M. charantia Linn. in experimental animal models.

Methodology:

The fruits of Momordica charantia (variety : charantia) were collected during the month of July, 2009 from the Rangamati District, Chittagong Hill tracts, Bangladesh and were taxonomically identified by standard procedure in the Department of Botany; University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Freshly prepared Momordica charantia ethanol extract was subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical investigation using the procedure. Swiss Albino mice of both sexes weighting between 25 to 30 g and Wister Albino rats of the either sex weighting between 150-200 g obtained from animal house of BCSIR laboratories, Chittagong, Bangladesh were used for the present study. All the animals were kept in standard polypropylene cages under standard conditions in animal room with alternating light-dark cycle of 12 h. The animal were acclimatized to the laboratory conditions for at least five days prior to the experiments. During the entire period of the study the animals were supplied with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. In this study, all the animal experiments was carried out according to the guidelines of Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). Acute toxicity study was carried out according to the Organization of Economic Corporation Development (OECD) guidelines No. 425. Ethanol extract of Momordica charantia was administered orally in doses of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000 and 2000 mg kg^-1 to the group of mice (n = 3) and the percentage mortality was recorded for a period of 24 h. Animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. The first group (Group I) served as a control group. And the second (Group II) was used as the reference standard. Three groups (Group III, IV and V ) received ethanol extract at three different doses (100, 250 and 500 mg kg^-1 p.o.). The doses were selected on the basis of our preliminary screening. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical rules on animal experimentation, approved by Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). Indomethacin (Opsonin Pharma limited, Bangladesh) and Tramadol Hydrochloride (SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited, Bangladesh) were used in the study. Distilled water was used as vehicle. All the chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade. Carrageenan was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany, acetic acid was obtained from Merck, Germany. Acetic acid induced writhing test model. This was performed to evaluate the analgesic activity of ethanol extract. In this model, the animals were pretreated with drugs 30 min before induction of writhing. The Group I animals received vehicle and Group II animals received the reference standard drug indomethacin (10 mg kg^-1 p.o.). Analgesic activity of ethanol extract at the doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg kg^-1 p.o. (Group-III, IV and V) was assessed by counting the number of writhing induced using 1% acetic acid. The number of writhing per animal was counted for 20 min. Percent reduction in writhing syndrome was calculated and compared with the standard drug. Percent reduction indicates the percentage protection against abdominal constriction which was taken as an index of analgesia.

Source of Information: Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 6(3): 236-244, 2012, ISSN 1819-3455

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2012.236.244; URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=rjmp.2012.236.244

Funding Source:

1.	Budget:
2.	Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the study suggest that Momordica charantia fruit extract might offer some beneficial effects in the management of analgesic and inflammatory conditions. Thus, further work is essential to fractionate, purify and identify the active principle (s) presenting this extract, as well as to understand the precise mechanism of action in analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities by the ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia.

Knowledge Management: Journal