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Nutrient Composition, Physico-chemical Characteristics and Keeping Quality of the Oils of Two Cultivars of Sunflower (helianthus Annus) Seeds

M.H. Rashid
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M.G. Mortuza
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

A. Kafi
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S.U. Talukder
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S. Gheyasuddin
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two cultivars namely ‘Kironi’ and ‘Hysun-46’ were analyzed for nutrient contents in seeds and physico-chemical characteristics as well as the keeping quality of oils stored at different conditions. Moisture content of Kironi seeds was nearly twice as much as in Hysun-46 (8.03 Vs 4.46%). Crude fat in Hysun-46 was somewhat higher than in Kironi. Kironi had significant ly high content of crude protein whereas Hysun-46 had high content of starch compared to each other. Physical characteristics of oil such as viscosity, colour, transparency etc. changed with time during storage; specific gravity and smoking temperature, however, remained unchanged. Acid value of the freshly extracted oil from Hysun-46 was unexpectedly high (98.75). Iodine value was found higher in Kironi than in Hysun-46. Saponification value of the oils decreased with time in open vessel, in amber coloured bottle at 4°C and also in boiled oil kept under room temperature. However, this value registered an increase in oils stored in closed vessel and amber coloured bottle at room temperature. Peroxide value increased in oils stored under all conditions except in amber bottle at 4 °C. The ratio of linoleic acid to oleic acid in Kironi (2.3:1) is higher than that in Hysun-46 (1.9:1).

Keywords: Nutrient, Seed, Sunflower, Compositae, Physico-chemical characteristics

Location: Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sunflower

Objectives:

1. To study the physical and chemical properties and keeping quality of the oils extracted from seeds of two sunflower cultivars.

Methodology:

Seed Collection - Seeds of Hysun-46 (Hybrid) and Kironi (Deshi) were collected from Agronomy Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University and BARI farm, Gazipur, respectively. For preparation of sample for chemical analysis, the collected seeds were sun dried, cleaned and stored in polythene bag until required for analysis. Analytical Method - The proximate composition was analyzed according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists. NFE was calculated as 100 – (crude protein + crude fat + crude fibre + ash). Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) was determined by trichloroacetic acid precipitation followed by determination of nitrogen in aliquots of the filtrate by Kjeldahl method (AOAC, 1965). Starch was determined by multiplying the amount of glucose with 0.9. The percent oil content, saponification value, iodine number, acid value and peroxide value were estimated. All analyses were done in triplicate and the mean values were recorded.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 2(2):219-224, 2009; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Nutrient composition analysis revealed that seeds contained high amount of oil, protein and substantial amount of carbohydrate. The freshly solvent extracted oil from both cultivars had attractive appearance. Oils from both cultivars contains high amount of linoleic acid which is good for human health. In terms of keeping quality, the extracted oils keep well at room temperature. Of these two oil samples, Kironi seems to be somewhat superior to Hysun-46.

Knowledge Management: Journal