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Growth Performance of Underplanted Mangrove Species in Sonneratia Apetala (keora) Plantations Along the Western Coastal Belt of Bangladesh

Sk. Ahiul Islam
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Barisal

Md. Abdul Quddus Miah
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Barisal

Md. Ahsan Habib
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Barisal

Md. Golam Moula
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Barisal

Md. Golam Rasul
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Barisal

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Coastal plantations mainly with Sonneratia apetala have been established by the Forest Department on the newly accreted lands in the coastline of Bangladesh since 1965-66. An underplanting trial of 11 mangrove species was conducted in the existing S. apetala plantations along the western coastline (Patuakhali and Bhola) to assess the site-suitability and growth performance of these species. Survival, height and diameter growth data from 16-21 years old experimental stands of these species were analyzed. The highest survival was found in Excoecaria agallocha (62% and 59%) followed by Heritiera fames (51 % and 39%) and Xylocarpus mekongensis (48 % and 26 %) among the tree species at Rangabali island of Patuakhali and Char Kukri-Mukri island of Bhola district. Among the shrub and palm species, the highest survival was found in Aegiceras corniculaium (63 %) followed by Phoenix paludosa (58 %) and Nypa fruticans (40%) at Rangabali and the highest survival in P. paludosa (71 %) followed by N. fruticans (56%) and A. corniculatum (46%) at Char Kukri-Mukri. The mean maximum height growth was observed in E. agallocha (9.31 m and 9.29 m) followed by X. mekongensis (6.84 m and 6.84 m) and H. fames (6.19 m and 5.65 m) in both the areas. The mean maximum diameter growth was also observed in E. agallocha (9.83 cm and 9.49 cm) followed by X. mekongensis (7.97 cm and 7.34 cm) and H. fames (5.87cm and 5.34 cm) in both the areas. Among the shrub and palm species, A. corniculatum, P. paludosa and N. fruticans showed good height growth performance in both the study areas. Therefore, these promising mangrove species (E. agallocha, H. fames, X. mekongensis, A. corniculatum, P. paludosa and N. fruticans) may be suitable for raising second rotation crops inside S. apetala plantations for sustainable management of coastal forests.

Keywords: Coastal belt, Growth performance, Mangrove plantation, Survival, Underplanting

Location: Patuakhali, Bhola

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Keora

Objectives:

To describe a comprehensive report on suitability and growth performance of 11 mangrove species planted inside S. apetala plantations in the western coastline of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The Plantation Trial Unit Division of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute carried out the experiments along the western coastline in two offshore islands, Rangabali under Patuakhali district and Char Kukri-Mukri under Bhola district. Rangabali is located at latitude 21°92' N and longitude 90°45' E. Char Kukri-Mukri is located at latitude 21°85' N and longitude 90°72' E. Soil of the sites was silt-day-loam. Soil salinity in the monsoon and dry season was remarkable varying between 1.5-4.0 dS/m. Soil pH was slightly alkaline (7.5-8.0). Commercially important 11 mangrove species, e.g. Heritiera fomes (sundri), Excoecaria agallocha (gewa), Xylocarpus mekongensis (passur), Xylocarpus granatum (dhundul), Bruguiera sexangula (kankra), Aegiceras corniculatum (khalshi), Cynometra ramiflora (shingra), Ceriops decandra (goran), Lumnitzera racemosa (kirpa), Phoenix paludosa (hantal) and Nypa fruticans (golpata) were included in the trial. The seeds or propagules of these mangrove species were collected from the Sundarbans. Seedlings of all mangrove species except golpata were raised in polybags of 25cm x 15cm or 15cm x 10cm in size and kept in the nursery for about ten months. The golpata seedlings were raised in muddy soil near the canal side or in the marshy land. The plots were established in Nursery Khal (N) and Pashar Khal (P) of Char Kashem, Soner Char, Madarbunia and Baher Char nearby Rangabali island; and Char Zamir, Char Shafi, Zylar Khal and Nursery Khal of Char Kukri-Mukri island. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Each plot was planted with 100-121 seedlings at a spacing of 1.2m x 1.2m and the size of each plot was 144-174 m². The plots were fenced to prevent grazing animal up to five years of the plantations. Ten-month-old seedlings of the species were planted in 9-12 years old S. apetala plantations, except for N. fruticans seedlings, which were planted with 3 months old seedlings. Weeding was made up to five years after out planting. The data in relation to survival, height and diameter growth were collected in June, 2011 when the stand age varied from 16-21 years. Data were analyzed according to the standard statistical packages.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Forest Science, Jan-June. 2013, Vol.32(2), pp:26-35, ISSN:1021-3279.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The mean maximum diameter growth was also observed in E. agallocha (9.83 cm and 9.49 cm) followed by X. mekongensis (7.97 cm and 7.34 cm) and H. fames (5.87cm and 5.34 cm) in both the areas. Among the shrub and palm species, A. corniculatum, P. paludosa and N. fruticans showed good height growth performance in both the study areas. Therefore, these promising mangrove species (E. agallocha, H. fames, X. mekongensis, A. corniculatum, P. paludosa and N. fruticans) may be suitable for raising second rotation crops inside S. apetala plantations for sustainable management of coastal forests.

Knowledge Management: Journal