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Intervention of Economics for Sustainable Environment

T. Jinan
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Baten
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Economics and environment are often presented as opposing disciplines. A new disciplinary field, environmental economics, attempts to bring together the strengths of both disciplines with a vision for a sustainable future. History recorded that development progressed at the cost of natural resources. Development as well as protection or management of natural resources is equally important. The main function of environmental economics will be to continue sustainable development with less pollution/ degradation of natural resources. To measure this influence there are many indicator such as GNP, GDP, net economic welfare, net national product, sustainable economic welfare, genuine progress indicator etc are used. Kyoto Protocol is another indicator to measure greenhouse gas portfolio. A higher rate of population growth will presumably increase the level of investment required to maintain constant living standards. The high population growth rates of Bangladesh, Nepal, and sub-Saharan Africa all act to reduce their countries’ rates of genuine savings. Degradation is further increased through soil erosion and reduces economic viability. Manufactured capital is items made from natural capital with the help of human capital. Environmental economics can take responsibility for combining natural capital, manufactured capital and human capital to produce economic goods. The Kyoto Protocol "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"- needs economical judicious utilization of natural resources to remove more pollutant with less cost.

Keywords: Sustainable Environment, Greenhouse gas, Kyoto Protocol, Pollution.

Location: Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Non-commodity: Adoption of technology

Objectives:

1. The purpose of an environmental economics is not to argue that government action to protect the environment is bad or good; but to extol the virtues of the market.

Methodology:

This piece of research is entirely based on secondary data, generated either by the World Bank or by other institutions and individuals. This work is a accumulating evidence to understand the causality described. To measure this influence there are many indicator such as gross national product (GNP), gross domestic product (GDP), net economic welfare, net national product, sustainable economic welfare, genuine progress indicator etc are used. Kyoto Protocol is another indicator to measure greenhouse gas portfolio. “The objective of Kyoto Protocol is to achieve "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement under which industrialized countries will reduce their collective emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to the year 1990. This limitation represents a 29% cut that, compared to the emissions levels that would be expected by 2010 without the Protocol. The goal is to lower overall emissions of six greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons - averaged over the period of 2008-2012. National limitations range from 8% reductions for the European Union and some others to 7% for the US, 6% for Japan, 0% for Russia, and permitted increases of 8% for Australia and 10% for Iceland. In other words, China, India, and other developing countries were not included in any numerical limitation of the Kyoto Protocol because they were not the main contributors to the greenhouse gas emissions during the pre-treaty industrialization period. However, even without the commitment to reduce according to the Kyoto target, developing countries do share the common responsibility that all countries have to reduce emissions. The Protocol also reaffirms the principle that developed countries have to pay billions of dollars, and supply technology to other countries for climate-related studies and projects. Economic Growth and Sustainability: Economics usually accomplish growth by maximizing the flow of matter and energy resources (throughput) by means of population growth (more consumers), more consumption per person, or both. Here economic growth usually is measured by an increase in a country’s gross national product (GNP); the market value in current dollars all goods and services produced within and outside a country by the country’s businesses for final use during a year. Environmentalists and a growing number of economists and business leaders contend that the notion of sustainable economic growth is nonsense because nothing based on the consumption of natural capital is sustainable in the long run. They warn that in the long run, continuing unsustainable forms of growth will threaten both business and the planet’s life-support system for human and other species. But the truth is that GNP and GDP indicators are poor measures of human welfare, environmental health or even economic health. Because GNP and GDP hide the negative environmental effects of producing goods and services. GNP and GDP don’t include the depletion and degradation of natural resources or natural capital on which all economies depend. GNP and GDP hide or underestimate some of the positive effects of responsible behavior on society. GNP and GDP tell us nothing about economic justice. Environmentalists and a growing number of economists believe that GNP and GDP indicators should be replaced or supplemented with environmental indicators that give a more realistic picture by subtracting from the GDP and GNP things that lead to a lower quality of life and depletion of natural capital.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 2(1) : 1-8, 2009; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The main function of environmental economics will be to continue sustainable development with less pollution/ degradation of natural resources. To measure this influence there are many indicator such as GNP, GDP, net economic welfare, net national product, sustainable economic welfare, genuine progress indicator etc are used.

Knowledge Management: Journal