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Control of Argulus Sp. Infestation in Goldfish (carassius Auratus) with Sumithion

Mohammad Mamun Chowdhury
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Md. Raknuzzaman
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Kazi Farhed Iqubal
Department of Environmental Science, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An effective dose of organophosphate pesticide, Sumithion was determined in controlling Argulus sp. infection in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) bought from market. The fishes were reared in laboratory condition maintaining the following physico-chemical variables: water temperatures varied from 26.50 ± 0.55 to 27.00 ± 0.120C, DO ranged from 6.32 ± 0.15 to 6.80 ± 50 mg/l, free CO2 ranged from 10.01 ± 0.12 to 11.20 ± 0.50 mg/l and pH varied from 7.60 ± 0.30 to 7.70 ± 0.20. Four dosages were used, such as 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ppm with three replicates for each. After 48 hours of treatment, 0.01 and 0.05 ppm failed to control Argulus sp. infection as the fishes were reared for 14 days after the treatment. 100% mortality of Argulus sp. was achieved with 0.1 ppm with a minimum deleterious effect on the fishes. Treatment with 0.2 ppm showed abnormal behavior resulting in death.

Keywords: Goldfish, Argulus sp., Treatment, Sumithion.

Location: Local Market of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-02-2004

End Date: 00-04-2004

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goldfish

Objectives:

To find out an effective and economically feasible treatment with an organophosphate pesticide for the control of argulosis in goldfish.

Methodology:

The experiments were conducted during a period between February to April, 2004. Twenty-five goldfish (Carassius auratus) of 5±0.2 cm length were collected from local market without any visible infection of Argulus sp. for artificial induced breeding purpose. Sumithion 50 EC: Fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl-O (3-methyl-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate) was used as the test pesticide. It is an organophosphate contact insecticide and selective acaricide of low ovicidal properties, which act as cholinesterase inhibitor. Sumithion was used because it is an organophosphate, easily available in market, and low cost chemotherapeutants. Besides, its resideual period is 45 days and needs very low dose for treatment purpose, which is very effective against exoparasite. In the present study Sumithion 50 EC was collected from the Shetu Corporation, Dhaka. The experiments were conducted during a period between February and April, 2004. Twenty-five goldfishes (Carassius auratus) of 5±0.2 cm length were collected from a local market without any visible infection of Argulus sp. for artificial induced breeding purpose. They were reared in five glass aquaria (each 40 × 30 × 30 cm) dividing in five groups with dechlorinated water. Aeration was provided with a commercial grade aerator. Water was changed daily before the test. All the experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, at room temperature of 30 ± 2°C. The required amount of the liquid pesticide was measured with the help of a micropipette and diluted with distilled water in a glass jar to obtain the desired dose concentration. The test chemical was poured directly into the water of the test aquarium. A pre-test was conducted on trial and error basis to get an idea about the mortality caused by the pesticide. Four concentrations, viz. 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ppm were made with the pesticide in order to get 100% mortality and to observe any adverse effects on the fishes within minimum time. In each series of test, three replications were used for each dose and a control was maintained for each dose replication. The fishes were inspected with naked eyes for counting Argulus sp. on the body immediately before treatment. The physico-chemical variables of the aquarium water were monitored as a precautionary measure to maintain water quality suitable for goldfish and it was done by using HACH’s Universal Aquaculture Testing Kit, Model No. FF-2, USA as per instructions directed in the manual. Data analyses were done by using Data Analysis Tools of Microsoft Excel in computer. Observations were made for two weeks after treatment to find out if there was any further infection of Argulus sp.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 34(1): 111-115, 2006

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The analysis of variance of the percentage of mortality after 48 hours exposure showed that there were significant differences among the treatments at 5 % level and it was insignificant between the two replications at 1% level. The test animals were reared for two weeks and found that the 0.01 and 0.05 ppm Sumithion treated fishes became infected within 10 days while in the 0.1 ppm Sumithion treated fishes no infection was observed. This phenomenon explained by Prasad and Padmavathi was due to the fact that Sumithion has low ovicidal action which might fail to destroy the eggs laid by the female Argulus sp. during the experimental period. Also, Sumithion has low chemical stability and hydrolysed at the water temperature of 25 to 35⁰C. So, the low concentration of Sumithion might be hydrolysed in the aquarium water in the favourable water temperature during the experimental period. Therefore, 0.1 ppm of Sumithion was found effective in controlling Argulus sp. infection within minimum exposure time and without any harmful effects on the goldfish.

Knowledge Management: Journal