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Foliar and Soil Application of Urea-n on the Yield of Chandina Rice

M. S. Hoque
Department of Soil Science
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M. A. Matin
Department of Soil Science
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Z. H. Bhuiya
Department of Soil Science
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two experiments-one a field trial and the other a pot culture experiment were carried out in Bangladesh Agri-varsity Farm soil to study the efficiency at spraying of urea-N over soil application using Chandina rice as the indicator crop during 1977 Aus season. The rates of urea-N used in the field were 25, 50 and 150 kg/ha while in the pot trial urea -N was added at the rate of 75, 150 and 450 kg/ha applied in 3 splits in both the trials. A basal dose of P and K was added in the experiments. It was observed that, in most cases, foliar spraying of urea-N produced higher straw and grain yield than when applied on the ground. In field experiment, the soil application of 150 kg N/ha gave 3876 kg /ha of straw yield (66% increase over control) whereas, spraying of the same amount of urea-N produced 4104 kg/ha of straw yield (76 % increase over control) which was the highest yield in the experiment. However, the highest grain yield of 3234 kg/ha (26% increase over control) was recorded for soil application of 150 kg N/ha. In pot trial, spraying of 450 kg N/ha gave the highest straw yield of 18.0 g/pot while soil application of the same amount of urea-N produced only 12.0 g/pot of straw. Again, soil application of 450 kg N /ha produced 18.0 g/pot of grain but spraying of the same amount of urea-N yielded the highest grain yield of 22.4 g/pot. In both the experiments straw and grain yield increased considerably due to increase in the rate of N application.

Keywords: Chandian Rice, Yield, Urea

Location: Bangladesh Agrivarsity Farm, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-04-1977

End Date: 00-08-1977

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To undertake a study on the effects of foliar spray application of urea-N on rice both under field and pot culture conditions in a typical rice growing soil of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Two experiments-one in the field and the other in the pot were conducted in the Non-calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain soil of Bangladesh Agrivarsity Farm, Mymensingh during aus season (April to August) of 1977. The crop used in the experiments was Chandina rice. The soil of the experiments was a silty loam having pH value of 6.8 and per cent organic carbon 0.82. The initial nutrient status of the soil in respect of NH₄-N, NO_a-N, available P and available K was 4.10, 5.22, 1.6 and 280 mg per 100 g of soil, respectively. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design using 3 replications. The size of each unit plot was 5m x 5m while the spacing in between the blocks and the plots was maintained 1 m and 75 cm. respectively. Urea-N was applied at the rate of 25, 50 and 150 kg/ha both for soil and spray applications. In case of soil application, each rate of urea-N was applied in 3 equal installments-once before transplantation, once at the maximum tillering stage and finally at the panicle initiation stage of the crop. For spray application the urea-N was also used in 3 equal installments where the first installment was applied after 7 days of transplantation with the second and the third installments being applied at the same growth stages as followed in soil application. Spraying was done by dissolving the required amount of urea per plot in water and the solution was used at the rate of 250 gallons/ha. Basal doses of P and K at the rate of 50 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate and 25 kg K/ha as muriate of potash were added before transplantation. Thirty days old seedlings were planted maintaining row to row and plant to plant spacing 20 cm and 15 cm. respectively. The plots were irrigated to keep them at saturated condition. During the same season a pot culture trial was carried out using 8.5 kg field moist soil per pot. The soil of the pot trial was collected at a depth of 0-15 cm from the field where the field experiment was carried out. There were also 7 treatment combinations as in the field trial using 3 rates of urea-N both for soil and spray applications but each rate was 3 times higher than that applied in the field. The time of fertilizer application was the same as in the field experiment. The first instalent of urea-N for soil application and the basal fertilizers were thoroughly mixed with the soil and then put in the pot. The soil in the pot was then puddled with water and two seedlings of Chandina rice were planted in each pot. The pots were irrigated every alternate day. Other experimental conditions were the same both for the field and the pot culture trials. The crop was harvested at full maturity and the sun-dried straw and grain yields were recorded. Samples of sun-dried materials were ovendried at 65⁰C and the yields were calculated on oven dry basis. The amount of different fertilizers to be added per pot was calculated on the basis that the soils from 0-15 cm of a hectare weigh 2.24 million kg.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No.2,pag-151-155,dec-1979.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of both the field and the pot experiments appear to show that spraying of urea-N was superior to soil application although the yield increase due to spray application of urea-N was not found significantly higher over that due to soil application. It has been stated that spraying of urea-N produced an increase of 10 to 50% in protein content of grain for food crops and a 10 to 30% increase in yield of various other crops. In the present study the rice plants did not show any burning symptom even at the highest dose of urea-N applied. This was apparently due to the fact that the crop was grown under saturated condition of the soil through rain and irrigation water

Knowledge Management: Journal