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Prospect of Indigenous Plant Extracts in Tea Pest Management

M.S.A. Mamun*
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

M. Ahmed
Director in-charge, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Tea is a popular beverage made from the leaves of evergreen shrub or tree Camellia sinensis, under the family Theaceae. Tea plant is subjected to the attack of insects, mites, nematodes and some plant pathogenic diseases. Tea production is greatly hindered due to these maladies. About 10-15% crop loss occurred by these pests per annum. In severe cases, it would be 100%. To combat these problems different groups of pesticides have been used in the tea fields since 1960. As tea is a consumable commodity, the effect of residue of pesticides in made tea is harmful to human health. In this context, biopesticides are being considered as environmentally safe, selective, biodegradable, economical and renewable alternatives for use in IPM programmes. Biopesticides are natural plant products and may be grown by the planters with minimum cost and extracted by indigenous methods. Biopesticides are secondary metabolites, which include alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, and minor secondary chemicals. It is estimated that as many as 2121 plant species have been reported to posses’ pest control properties. Botanicals like neem, ghora-neem, mahogoni, karanja, adathoda, sweet flag, tobacco, derris, annona, smart weed, bar weed, datura, calotropis, bidens, lantana, chrysanthemum, artemisia, marigold, clerodendrum, wild sunflower and many others may be grown by planters with minimum expense and extracted by indigenous methods. These botanical materials can be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides. These botanical extracts will help in controlling major pests of tea such as Helopeltis, red spider mite, aphids, thrips, jassid, flushworm, termites, nematodes etc. The present note reviews the information of most widely available indigenous plants that may be used for the control of insect pests of tea as a component of IPM.

Keywords: Prospect, Biopesticide, Plant Extracts, Tea Pest Management

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

This article is the first to bring together relevant aspects of the basic and applied sciences of natural pesticides and discussed modern trends in the use of natural products in tea pest management.

Methodology:

Collection and processing of plant materials Fresh leaves and seeds of indigenous plants are collected from the surrounding of tea plantation areas. After bringing them to the laboratory, they are washed in running water. Firstly the plant materials are kept in shade for air-drying and then they are dried in the oven at 60°C to gain constant weight. Preparation of plant dust Dusts are prepared by pulverizing the dried leaves and seeds with the help of a grinder. Then the dusts are passed through a 25-mesh diameter sieve to obtain fine and uniform dust. The dust is preserved in airtight condition in polythene bags till their use in extract preparation. Preparation of plant extracts The prepared leaf and seed dusts are used for preparation of plant extract. Ten gram of each category dust are taken in a 500 ml beaker and separately mixed with 100 ml of different solvents (acetone, methanol and distilled water). Then the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes by a magnetic stirrer (at 6000 rpm) and left to stand for next 24 hours. The mixture is then filtered through a fine cloth and again through filter paper (Whatman No.1). The filtered materials are taken into a round bottom flask and then condensed by evaporation of solvent in a water bath at 80°C, 55°C and 45°C temperature for water, methanol and acetone extracts, respectively. Evaporation is done to make the volume 10 ml. Stock solutions of plant extracts are prepared separately by diluting the condensed extracts with respective solvents (acetone, methanol and distilled water). Different concentrations as desired such as 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5% etc. of each category of plant extract are prepared by dissolving the stock solutions in the respective solvent prior to use of them.

Source of Information: Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1(1&2): 16-23, December, 2011 ISSN: 2224-0616

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Tea is an important cash crop as well as exportable commodity. For sustainable tea cultivation, integrated pest management system is the vital component. Planters may use botanical pesticides to perceive to be as effective as the synthetic counterparts. It was also noted that the subsistence planters preferred using botanical pesticides rather than conventional ones mainly because of cost and availability. Traditional pest control methods, especially the use of indigenous pesticide plants if improved, offer a safer, low cost and more dependable method of field crops protection. However, it should not be assumed that because the botanical pesticides are naturally derived that they are safe to use and can be consumed by humans. It intends to carry out a biosafety assessments of the pesticide plants used in order to establish their mammalian and environmental safety. The plants that will be found to have proven effectiveness and safety will be studied further to find out how best they can be used to protect the environment from the increasing degradation. Then, issues of propagation and cultivation as on-farm crop for pest control as well as conservation will be looked at closely in order to enhance crop productivity and food security. The use of plant extracts should be incorporated in the IPM programme in tea. The indigenous plants are available surrounding the tea estates as well as throughout the country. Tea planters may use these plants for the management of pests of tea. It will help for producing pesticide free tea. This will be very helpful in minimizing the undesirable side effects of synthetic pesticides and ultimately environmental pollution will be minimized.

Knowledge Management: Journal