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Efficacy of Granular Formulations of Carbofuran to Control Ufra Disease (ditylenchus Angustus) of Rice

I. H. Mian
Professor
Professor Department of Plant Pathology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Salna, Gaziopur-1706.

Nurjahan Khatun
Graduate student Department of Plant Pathology,Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University. Salna, Gaziopur-1706.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the efficacy of five granular formulations of Carbofuran namely Brifuran 5G, Cemifuran 5G, Curatarr 5G, Edfuran 5G and Furadan 5G against Ufra disease of rice caused by Ditylenchus angustus under inoculated conditions. An Ufra susceptible rice variety (BR-3) was used in the experiments. Ufra infected stem pieces of rice were used as inocula. In first experiment, Brifuran 5G, Cemifuran 5G, Curatarr 5G and Furadan 5G (@ 15 kg/ha) were tested against Ufra disease of rice seedlings and found that the nematicides gave respectively 36.23, 41.71, 52.33 and 66.99% reduction in Ufra infestation of rice seedlings over control. In subsequent experiment, Brifuran was dropped because of its lowest efficacy and Edfuran 5G was included. In second and third experiments, Cemifuran 5G, Curatarr 5G, Edfuran 5G and Furadan 5G were tested against Ufra disease of rice under pot and field conditions. In pot experiment, the nematicides caused 35.25-76.76, 11.16 - 62.29 and 64.19 – 76.63% reduction in incidence of UI, UII and UIII over control. They also gave significant control of the disease under field conditions. Among the nematicides, Furadan 5G was the most effective one. Two more experiments were conducted under pot and field conditions to find out the influence of different levels of Ufra infected rice seedlings (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) on the efficacy of Furadan 5G against Ufra. It was found that treatment of soil with Furadan 5G caused significant reduction in incidence of Ufra and increase in grain yield as compared to control in both pot and field experiments. The efficacy of the nematicide was better when the crop was planted with lower levels of infected seedlings and even at 100% infected seedlings the nematicide was effective to control the disease.

Keywords: Carbofuran, Nematicide, Ufra, Ditylenchus angustus, Control

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To find out the efficacy of five formulated products of Carbofuran to control Ufra disease of rice.

Methodology:

Materials used: Five granular formulations of Carbofuran namely Brifuran 5G, Cemifuran 5G, Curatarr 5G, Edfuran 3G and Furadan 5G were evaluated for their nematicidal value to control Ufra disease (D. angustus) of rice under inoculated conditions. Pieces of Ufra infected rice stems were used as inocula and base inoculation technique (Rahman 1993) was followed. Three pot and two field experiments were conducted and an Ufra susceptible rice variety BR 11 was used. In pot experiment, earthen pots (25 cm diameter and 25 cmheight) were filled with steam sterilized sandy loam soil at 8 kg soil per pot. Recommended doses of fertilizers were added to the pots and thoroughly mixed with the soil. Experiment-1: The first experiment was conducted in pots to find out the efficacy of Cemifuran 5G, Curatarr 5G, Edfuran 3G and Furadan 5G to control Ufra disease of rice seedling. Rice seeds (BR 11) were planted in the pots. From 3rd day of germination 2-3 cm water was maintained. Nine days after germination the seedlings were inoculated with Ufra infected rice stem pieces (Rahman 1980). After ten days of inoculation, the pots were treated with each of the selected nematicides at 15 kg formulated product per hectare. Thirty days after application of nematicides, incidence of Ufra infected seedlings was recorded and was expressed in percentage based on total number of seedlings checked. Experiment-2 & 3: Second and third experiments were conducted under pot and field conditions, respectively to find out the efficacy of Cemifuran 5G, Curatarr 5G, Edfuran 3G and Furadan 5G to control Ufra disease of rice. In pot experiment, pot soil was treated with the nematicides at the rate of 15 kg formulated product per hectare just before transplanting. In field experiment, the experimental field was divided into 3 blocks with 1m wide drain between the blocks. Each block was divided into 5 unit plots (2 m X 2 m) maintaining 1m space between plots. Both pot and field soils were treated with the nematicides @ 15kg/ha. Thirty days old rice seedling infected with Ufra were transplanted just after application of nematicides. Each pot received 4 seedlings and the seedlings were transplanted in the field at one seedling per hill maintaining 20 cm X 20 cm plant to plant and row to row spacing. In the field experiment, appropriate measures were taken to restrict the movement of nematode from one plot to another with water flow. The plants were allowed to grow providing recommended doses of fertilizers, cultural and intercultural operations. At ripening stage, data on the severity of Ufra disease were recorded following standard procedures (Cox 1980). Experiment-4 & 5: Fourth and fifth experiments were conducted to find out the influence of level of Ufra incidence in rice seedlings on the efficacy of nematicides to control the disease under pot and field conditions, respectively. Based on findings of the present study and considering its availability in Bangladesh Furadan 5G was selected as test nematicide. Soils, pots, experimental field and procedures of experimentation were more or less similar as mentioned under Experiments 2 and 3. Ufra infected and Ufra free rice seedlings were grown under controlled conditions. Soils of the pots as well as experimental plots were treated with Furadan 5G @ 15 kg/ha. Healthy and Ufra infected rice seedlings were mixed to have 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% level of infected seedlings. Just after treatmentof soil, the seedlings were transplanted in the pots at 4 seedlings per pot and in unit plot. The plants were allowed to grow providing necessary fertilizers, cultural and intercultural operations. Design of experiment and data collection: Design of pot experiment was completely randomized (CRD) and that of field experiment was randomized complete block (RCBD) with four replications. Control treatments received no nematicide (Control-1). One additional control (Control-2) was maintained in second and third experiments where 100% healthy seedlings were transplanted without any nematicide. At ripening stage, data on Ufra incidence were recorded following a standard method (Cox 1980). The panicles were grouped into three categories viz. Ufra I = fully enclosed panicles within the leaf sheaths (UI), Ufra II – partially enclosed panicles with few grains (UII), and Ufra III – complete emergence of panicles (UIII) (Cox 1980). Grain yield per pot was determined after harvest, threshing and adjustment of moisture content at 14% by sun drying. The data were analyzed using MSTAT-C.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Plant Pathol. Vol. 28 (1&2): 41-45.

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Achievement/Findings:

Results of five experiments conducted under the present study reveal that Ufra disease of rice caused by D. angustus can be controlled effectively by applying nematicides just before or after transplanting of seedlings. Four nematicides namely Brifun 5g, Curatarr 5G, Cemifuran 5G, and Furadan 5g were evaluated against Ufra disease of rice seedling and found that application of the nematicides caused significant reduction in the incidence of Ufra of rice seedlings. The highest reduction was obtained with Cemifuran, which was followed by Furadan 5G. In other experiments the nematicides Edfuran 5G, Curatarr 5G, Cemifuran 5G, and Furadan 5g were tested against Ufra disease of rice under field and pot conditions and similar results were recorded (Rahman and Miah 1991). Cemifuran 5G was noted as the best nematicide followed by Furadan 5G. The nematicide is more effective at low level of infected seedling. The nematicide is also effective if it is applied at early stage of infection causing UI. Appearance of Ufra in plots having 100% healthy seedlings might be due to transmission of nematodes from infected plot due to rain splash. Effectiveness of nematicides including some of them tested in the present study was also evaluated by many other researchers and found similar results. Salim Miah et al. (2003), Deb Anand Das (2004) and Latif et al. (2013) reported that application of formulated products of Carbofuran, Phanamiphos, Isazopos (Brifur5G, Curatarr 5G; Furadan 5G) are effective to control Ufra disease of rice. Soil incorporation of Carbofuran at 30 kg a.i. /ha has been reported to recover the Ufra infested plants or to reduce the disease incidence (Sein 1977). Field application of Furadan 3G is effective to control Ufra disease by 82%. Its application in soil at 1.0 kg a.i. /ha in an infested field increased yield by 105% (Rahman et al. 1981). Rahman and Miah (1985, 1991, and 1992) observed that application of Carbofuran gave reduction in Ufra of rice. It was observed that soil application of Carbofuran at 0.5 and 0.75 a.i. /ha caused effective and economic control of Ufra (Rahman et al. 1992).

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