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Antibacterial Activity of Achyranthes Aspera L. - an in Vitro Study

M. S. I. Khan
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

F. A. Neela
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

M. A. Aktar
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

M. M. M. Rahman
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

M. F. Alam
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Achyranthes aspera. Ethanol, petroleum ether and chloroform extract were obtained and its antibacterial activity was carried out using disc diffusion method with some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. The ethanol extraction displayed the highest antibacterial activity against bacteria. This indicated that the ethanol extract of A. aspera is much effective than petroleum ether extract and chloroform, and A. aspera could be a potential source of new antibacterial agent.

Keywords: Achyranthes aspera, Antibacterial activity, Ethanol extract

Location: Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

1. To test of antibacterial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria of different parts of Achyranthes aspera.

Methodology:

Plant materials: The leaf and stem of Achyranthes aspera L. were collected from the roadsides, foot paths, railroads and sand dunes of Meherchandi village at Rajshahi district, Bangladesh and identified by taxonomist which specimen is preserved in the herbarium, Department of Botany. Bacterials strains: The bacterial strains were used included Gram-positive species of BMLRU1002 Staphylococcus aureus, BMLRU1004 Bacillus cereus, BMLRU1006 Staphylococcus haemolytica, BMLRU1008 Bacillus subtilis, BMLRU1010 Bacillus megaterium, BMLRU1012 Sarcina lutea and Gram-negative species were BMLRU1001 Escherichia coli-B, BMLRU1003 Klebsiella sp., BMLRU1005 Klebsiella pneumoniae, BMLRU1007 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, BMLRU1009 Salmonella typhi, BMLRU1011 Shigella dysenteriae, BMLRU1013 Shigella shinga, BMLRU1015 Shigellasonnei and BMLRU1017 Pseudomonas sp. The strains were collected from the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research of Bangladesh (ICDDRB), Mahakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Extraction of the plant materials: After collection the leaf, stem, root and flowers of Achyranthes aspera were cleaned. Cut into small pieces and then oven-dried at 40ºC. Then parts were properly pulverized into a coarse powder. The 5gm powder of the A. aspera was added with 20 ml of the solvent (ethanol, petroleum ether and chloroform) using water bath shaker for 10 hours. Then the extracts were filtered off through the Whatman filter paper number-1 and solvent (ethanol, petroleum ether and chloroform) was evaporated by using rotary evaporator which gave brownish dark sticky residue which gave 0.01 gm of dried plant material. It was dissolved into respective solvent to get a concentration of 10mg/ml. Preparation of culture medium: The bacterial strains were grown on Luria-Bertani (LB) medium which was prepared using the following compositions, 10 gm of yeast extract, 10gm of bacto peptone and 5gm of NaCl were dissolved in 1 liter of water. The pH of the medium was adjusted at 7.0 to the addition of 20 gm/L of bacto-agar (Sigma). The medium was autoclaved at 15Ib / (inch) 2 pressures at the temperature of 121°C for 20 min to ensure complete sterilization. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): The lowest concentration of the extracts required to inhibit the growth of the bacteria in vitro is MIC. The concentrations of the crude (ethanol, petroleum ether and chloroform) extracts of leaf and stem of Achyranthes aspera for MIC determination were prepared by two-fold serial dilution method. 10 mg plant extracts were incorporated into 2 ml solvent to get a concentration 5mg/ml (5000 μg/ml) and serially diluted to achieve 2500, 1250, 625, 312.5 and 156.25 μg/ml, respectively. Antibacterial Assay: Disc diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activity of the extractive agent of A. aspera against fifteen bacteria. A 100μl of cultured bacterial suspension (108 cfu / ml) was spread on LB plates. The discs (6 mm in diameter) soaked with 10 μl of 10 mg/ml (100 μg/disc) were placed aseptically on the bacterial culture over nutrient agar plates and incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours. Sterile, blank paper discs were impregnated with sterile solvent (ethanol and petroleum ether) as negative control and standard antibiotic paper disc containing tetracycline (30μg/ml) as positive control. After incubation, the antibacterial activity of A. aspera was determined by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition in millimeter scale.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 2(1): 45-48, 2009; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, the results of the study showed the antibacterial activity of leaf and stem extract of A. aspera. The antibacterial activity of the plant may be attributed to the various phytochemical constituents present in the crude extract. The work carried out was a basic approach to find out the antibacterial activity in A. aspera. This study indicated that A. aspera could be a potential source of new antibacterial agent. Further works on the types of phytoconstituents and purification of individual groups of bioactive compounds can reveal the exact potentiality of the plant to inhibit several pathogenic microbes and effective applications to control pathogenic bacteria causing severe illness in humans and animals.

Knowledge Management: Journal