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Effect of Seasonal and Environmental Variation on Yield and Yield Components of Hybrid Maize

M.K. Islam
Senior Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Burirhat, Rangpur, Bangladesh

M.S. Mahfuz*
Regional Farm Broadcasting Officer
Agriculture Information Service, Rangpur, Bangladesh

M.A.I. Sarker
Senior Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Burirhat, Rangpur, Bangladesh

S. Ghosh
Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Burirhat, Rangpur, Bangladesh

A.S.M.Y. Ali
Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Burirhat, Rangpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted during kharif II in 2006 & 07, rabi in 2006-07 & 07-08 and kharif I in 2007 and 2008 at ARS, Burirhat, Rangpur in RCB design to understand the influence of season and location specific environment effect on growth and yield of hybrid maize and selected suitable variety(s). Four hybrid maize varieties V₁=BARI hybrid Maize (BHM)-2, V₂=BHM-3, V₃= BHM-5 and V₄= Pacific-984 (as check) were tested during kharif II in 2006 while seven varieties V₁= BHM-2, V₂= BHM-3, V₃= BHM-5 and V₄= Pacific-984, V₅= Pacific-60, V₆= Pacific-11 and V₇= Prolin were during the other seasons except rabi, 07- 08, where variety Pacific-555 was used in V₇ instead of Prolin. Seeds were sown on August 30 and August 11 for kharif II of 2006 and 2007, respectively, November 28 and 17 for rabi 2006-2007 and 2007-08 and March 08 and 12 for for kharif I 2007 and 2008. The crops were harvested on January 25, 2007 and January 12, 2008 in the two consecutive kharif II seasons; May 10 and April 29 in rabi 2006-07 and 2007-08, and July 01 and 05 in kharif I 2007 and 2008, respectively. Yield parameters were mostly varied significantly. The highest yield was obtained from BHM-5 (9.03 t ha-1), which was followed by Pacific-984 (8.89 t ha^{- 1}), BHM-3 (8.81 t ha^-1) and BHM-2 (8.58 t ha^-1) in kharif II, 2006 while in kharif II, 2007 the highest significant yield was noted in Pacific-984 (9.22 t ha^-1). In rabi, 2006-07, significant highest grain yield was obtained from Pacific-60 (11.03 t ha^-1), which was statistically identical with Prolin (10.20 t ha^-1). The yield of Prolin was also statistically identical with Pacific-11 (10.01 t ha-1), BHM-5 (10.00 t ha-1), BHM-3 (9.92 t ha-1) and BHM-2 (9.51 t ha-1). Comparatively lower temperature during ear initiation (mean 29.6oC in rabi and 31oC in kharif II) and silking (mean 18.2oC in rabi and 20.2oC in kharif II) contributed much for higher trend of yield in rabi over kharif. In kharif I, 2007, the highest yield (9.55 t ha^-1) was recorded from Pacific-60, which was identical to Pacific-984 (9.25 t ha^-1), BHM-5 (9.11 t ha^{- 1}) and BHM-3 (8.89 t ha^-1). All the BARI hybrid maize varieties were suitable to grown in kharif I, kharif II and rabi season although BHM-3, BHM-5, Pacific-60 and Pacific-984 were better in Kharif I and Pacific-60, BHM-5, Prolin and Pacific-555 were found better in Rabi season.

Keywords: : Season, Environment, Yield, Maize

Location:

Start Date: 00-00-2006

End Date: 00-00-2008

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

The present investigation was carried out to understand the influence of season and location specific environment effect on growth and yield of hybrid maize and selected suitable variety (s) adaptive for specific areas.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted during kharif II season of 2006 & 07, rabi in 2006-07 & 07-08, kharif I in 2007 at sandy loam soils of ARS, Burirhat, Rangpur following RCB design with 3 replications. The treatments included 4 hybrid maize varieties namely: V₁=BARI hybrid maize (BHM)-2, V₂=BHM-3, V₃= BHM-5 and V₄ = Pacific-984 (as check) in kharif II, 2006 and seven varieties viz. V₁= BHM-2, V₂= BHM-3, V₃= BHM-5 and V₄= Pacific-984, V₅= Pacific-60, V₆= Pacific-11 and V₇= Prolin in other seasons except rabi, 07-08 where variety Pacific-555 was used in V₇ instead of Prolin. Seeds were treated with Vitavex 200 @ 5 g kg-1 seed for 10 minutes in airtight bag then kept open. Blanket application of cow dung @ 10 t ha^-1 was made 7 days before sowing. The field was fertilized with 200-60-110- 45-5-2 kg NPKSZn and B/ha, respectively. Onethird amount of N as Urea and rest full amount of all other fertilizer were applied in experimental unit plot one day before sowing. Seeds of different hybrids maize varieties were accommodated in 4.5 m × 6.0 m sized plot. Two seeds/hill were sown on August 30 and August 11 for kharif II, 2006 and 2007, respectively, November 28 and 17 for rabi 2006-07 and 07-08, and March 08 and 12 for kharif I, 2007 and 2008, at spacing 75 cm × 20 cm. Necessary gap filling were made by re-sowing within 8 days of sowing (DAS). Rest 2/3rd Urea in equal splits was top dressed (TD) at 30 and 60 DAS. Weeding and mulching were done properly; final earthling up was made after 2nd TD, which was followed by irrigation. Futher irrigation was made at 75 and 90 DAS. Despite that plant received about 405 mm and 554 mm of precipitation in kharif II 2006 and 2007 respectively. In rabi, the crop was irrigated 4 times at 60, 90, 110 and 120 DAS. The crop also received rainfall at 2nd decades of December and February, slight in the month of March and 3rd decade of April in rabi, 2006-07. The crop in kharif I was irrigated 4 times at 10 days interval starting form 25 DAE. The crop also received a total of around 880 mm rainfall in Kharif I, 2007. Diazinon 60 EC @ 2 ml L^-1 of water was sprayed at 72 DAS. Guard was placed to avert bird (crow, parrot etc) damage. Minor variation about the maturity among the hybrid maize varieties was observed. The crops were harvested on January 25, 2007 and January 12, 2008 respectively for the two consecutive kharif II seasons of 2006 and 2007, May 10 and April 29 for rabi 2006-07 and 07-08, and July 01 and 05 for kharif I, 2007 and 2008. Data on yield and yield components were taken properly, analyzed statistically.

Source of Information: Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (2): 1-5, December, 2014 ISSN: 2224-0616

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All the BARI hybrid maize varieties including check (Pacific-984) can be grown in kharif I and kharif II season although BHM-3, BHM-5, Pacific-60 and Pacific-984 are better in Kharif I. Again, considering the performance during rabi season, all the varieties can be grown as their yields were either higher or identical to the check variety Pacific-984 although Pacific-60, BHM-5, Prolin and Pacific-555 were found better.

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