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Reduction in Seedling Growth of Some Vegetables Due to Infection with Root- Knot Nematode (meloidogyne Incognita)

T. Rukshshana
MS student
MS student, Department of Plant Pathology ,Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur-106 Email: ihmian2007@gmail.com

I. H. Mian
Professor
Professor, Department of Plant Pathology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur-106 Email: ihmian2007@gmail.com

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of root-knot nematode infection at seedling stage on plant growth of eleven vegetable crops commonly grown in Bangladesh. It was found that shoot and root growth of all eleven vegetables were significantly reduced due to inoculation with root-knot nematode at seedling stage. The reduction of height and fresh weight of shoot, and length and fresh weight of root of eleven crops varied from 16.83 to 63.65%, 15.50% to 46.652%, 23.30 to 57.53% and 22.18 to 74.00%, respectively. Number of galls and eggs per 20 g roots of eleven vegetables ranged 2.88-69.82 and 120.85-3482.00, respectively in vegetable eleven crops. The highest gall number was found in roots of tomato and the lowest in roots of Indian spinach. The lowest egg number was found in roots of cucumber and the highest in tomato roots. Among eleven vegetables, the highest population of L3 and L4 larvae, and immature as well as mature females were recorded from roots of tomato followed by cauliflower and eggplant. Based on findings of the present investigation it may be concluded infection of root-knot nematodes at seedling stage causes severe reduction in plant growth of vegetable seedlings commonly grown in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Root-knot nematode, Vegetable crops, Growth reduction

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

Start Date: 00-06-2010

End Date: 00-08-2010

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Vegetables

Objectives:

To find out the effect of root-knot nematode infection at seedling stage on plant growth of eleven vegetable crops commonly grown in Bangladesh

Methodology:

Eleven vegetable crops namely bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), sweet gourd (Cucurbita pepo), white gourd (Benincasa hispada), cucumber (Cucumissativus), eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), okra (Abelmoschus eslentus), Indian spinach (Basella alba), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), green amaranth (Amaranthus viridus) and red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) were selected for the experiment. The pot experiment was conducted in a pot house of Plant Pathology Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during Kharif season (June to August) of 2010. Sandy loam soil was collected and steam sterilized for 4 hours. Urea, TSP and MOP were mixed with the soil at recommended doses (Anon. 1985). The prepared soil was poured into plastic pot (15 cm diameter) at 4 kg/pot. The pots were placed in the pot house following completely randomized design and kept for 48 hours for cooling of the soil. The seeds of the selected crops were surface sterilized with 1.0% chlorox for 30 minutes and rinsed in sterilized water for three times. The surface sterilized seeds were planted in the pots. Each pot received 10-20 seeds depending on seed size. After germination the seedlings were thinned to have five healthy plants per pot. Eight pots (replication) were used for each crop. Seven days old seedlings of each vegertable raised in 4 pots were inoculated with freshly hatched second stage active larvae of Meloidoyne incognita suspended in tap water at 2500 larvae per milliliter of water. Each pot received 1 ml of larval suspension. For inoculation, soil was removed from the base of the seedling and the larval suspension was spread uniformly near the exposed roots. After application of the inoculum suspension, the bases of the seedlings were covered with the soil. Immediately after inoculation water was sprayed over the pot soil. Seedlings in another 4 pots were not inoculated, which served as control for comparison. The seedlings were allowed to grow for 20 days providing necessary water and nutrients. After 20 days of inoculation, both inoculated and uninoculated seedlings of each crop were removed carefully from the soil. At the time of uprooting precaution was taken to minimize root damage. The root systems were washed with running tap water to remove the adhering soil, wiped with tissue paper and number of galls per root system, height and fresh weight of shoot, and length and fresh weight of roots were recorded. Populations of 2nd, 3rd, 4th stage larvae, immature and mature females in each root system of inoculated seedling were also recorded. To make the nematode in the root easily visible, the root system was stained following lactophenol cotton blue method (Mian 1994). The populations of L2, L3, L4, immature female, mature female and eggs per root system werecounted and their populations were expressed in number/20 g roots. Collected data on all parameters related to plant growth, gall development and nematode population were analyzed using MSTAT-C software. Paired-t test was performed to compare growth of inoculated and uninoculated seedlings. Means were compared following Duncan’s Multiple Range Test using the same computer program. Whenever, necessary data were transformed following suitable method. Relationships among some selected variables were also determined using MSTAT-C program.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Plant Pathol. 47-52.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results of the experiment show that shoot and root growth of all eleven vegetables were significantly reduced due to inoculation with root-knot nematode at seedling stage. Reduction of height and fresh weight of shoot, and length and fresh weight of root varied from 16.83 to 63.65%, 15.50% to 46.652%, 23.30 to 57.53%and 22.18 to 74.00%, respectively among different crop species. Number of galls and eggs per 20 g roots ranged 2.88-69.82 and 120.85-3482.00, respectively. The highest gall number was found in roots of tomato and the lowest in roots of Indian spinach. The lowest egg number was found in roots of cucumber and the highest in tomato roots. Among eleven vegetables, the highest population of L3 and L4 larvae, and immature as well as mature females were recorded from roots of tomato followed by cauliflower and eggplant. On the other hand, the maximum number of L2 was found in roots of cauliflower followed by tomato and eggplant. It indicates that tomato is highly vulnerable to the nematode followed by eggplant and cauliflower. The findings of the present investigation are in agreements with the findings of many other investigators worked with different crops including most of them tested in the present experiment. They reported appreciable reduction in plant growth and crop yield of cucumber (Dropkin 1954), eggplant (Anon. 1986), tomato (Hanounik et al. 1975, Chowdhury 1985, Dareker and Mhase 1988) and okra (Bhatti and Jain 1977). A report from India, reveals that root-knot nematodes can cause yield loss in eggplant (Reddy 1986) and 47% in tomato (Zahid and Ahmed 1986, Darekar and Mhase 1988). Based on findings of the present investigation it may be concluded infection of root-knot nematodes at seedling stage causes severe reduction in plant growth of vegetable seedlings commonly grown in Bangladesh.

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