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Pesticide Residues in Some Selected Pond Water Samples of Meherpur Region of Bangladesh

M. AMIN UDDIN
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment,Gonakbari, Savar, GPO Box- 3787, Dhaka- 1000

MINAKSHI SAHA
Dept. of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia

M.A.Z. CHOWDHURY
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment,Gonakbari, Savar, GPO Box- 3787, Dhaka- 1000

M A. RAHMAN
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment,Gonakbari, Savar, GPO Box- 3787, Dhaka- 1000

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Water samples collected from some selected ponds of Meherpur region were studied for the presence of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was used to determine the concentration levels of those residues. The results obtained indicate slight contamination of some of the water samples with residues of diazinon, chlorpyriphos (organophosphorus insecticide) and carbofuran (carbamate insecticide). The residues level of diazinon and chlorpyriphos ranged from 0.033 to 0.079 ppm and 0.010 to 0.471 ppm respectively. Among carbamate pesticides, carbofuran identified in two samples ranged from 0.0143 to 0.0387 ppm, and carbaryl was not detected in any of the samples. Limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 ppm. However, the residue level was also within the acceptable ranges according to the WHO guideline value of water quality. But, the presence of such residues is indicative of weak regulatory control which is required to be in place for safety of the environment and to stop further aggravation of the situation.

Keywords: Pesticide, Residue, Organophosphorus, Carbamate, Pond water

Location: Meherpur region, Meherpur district

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

1. To investigate the extent of contamination from pesticide residues (i.e. organophosphorus and carbamate) and their concentration levels in water samples of different locations and propose a sound recommendation for minimizing the pesticide contamination of pond water in those locations of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Reagents: During this investigation analytical grade hexane (Merck, Germany); acetone (extra pure, BDH, England); anhydrous Sodium Sulphate (Merck,Germany); Florisil ( Magnesium Silicate, Sigma,USA, mesh 60-100) and diethyl ether( analytical grade) were used. Equipment: Rotary vacuum evaporator (Type -350, USA); High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC, Waters), Detector-Waters 486 and Pump- Waters 515 were used. Operating condition of HPLC (UV mode): Detector: Ultra Violet Detector (Fixed wave length), Column: C18 , Flow rate: 0.5 mL /min, Mobile phase: Acetonitrile: Water (65: 35), Wave length : 254 nm, Injection volume: 20 μL. Collection and Preservation of water samples: Water samples were collected from some selected ponds of Meherpur area of Bangladesh. Samples were then taken to the laboratory as quickly as possible in glass containers and kept in freezing condition until extraction to avoid degradation. Extraction of Water: Extraction of water sample (500 mL each) was performed with 100 mL double distilled hexane in a separatory funnel with shaking for 5 minutes. Hexane extract was separated and collected in evaporating flasks. Two further extractions with 25-mL hexane were done. The combined hexane extract was treated with 5-g anhydrous sodium sulphate to remove traces of water. The water free extract was evaporated to a small volume (Approx. 1 mL) and transferred to a glass-Stoppard test tube followed by complete evaporation of solvent (About to dried sample) under a mild stream of nitrogen. Clean up: The extract was subjected to clean-up using florisil column chromatography. The top 1.5 cm of the florisil Pesticide residues in some selected pond water 79 column was packed with anhydrous sodium sulphate. Elution was done with 2% diethyl ether in hexane (5 mL/min). The eluate was concentrated in a rotary vacuum evaporator and transferred to glass-stoppard test tubes. Solvents were completely removed under mild nitrogen flow. The evaporated sample was dissolved in acetonitrile and then made to volume 1 mL in a volumetric flask for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sample Analysis: Injections of the aliquots (usually 20 μL) were done by micro syringe into HPLC. Identification of the pesticide was carried out in relation to the retention time of the pure analytical standard supplied by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Quantification was made with a standard curve of the relevant (standard) pesticide and r2 =.0.978345. Analysis was done by HPLC (Detector-Waters 486, Pump- waters 515), which was used for the detection of organophosphorus, chlorpyriphos and carbamate pesticide residues. Chromatographic Determination: For pesticides residues analysis, aliquot was injected by microlitre syringe into the High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) fitted with UV Detector. The wave length was fixed at 254 nm for organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. Extraction efficiency / recovery: Analytical procedures employed were found to be satisfactory and average recoveries between 71 and 93% were obtained for diazinon, chlorpyriphos and carbofuran pesticides from the water samples (the fortifications were made in the concentration range 0.02-0.2 ppm level) indicating the suitability of the methodology.

Source of Information: J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 39(1): 77-82, June 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the carbamate group, carbofuran was identified in two water samples; one from Kutubpur union (WS-11) and another from Amdaho union (WS-19) and the concentration level of carbofuran was 0.0387 ppm and 0.0143 ppm respectively. Residual levels of carbofuran in all the samples were fairly below the WHO guide line values. Carbaryl was not present in any environmental water samples in the present study. This suggests that both carbofuran and carbaryl might not frequently be used by the local farmers of the selected areas and if used, those might be used in a well-controlled manner.

Knowledge Management: Journal