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In Vitro Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts and Fungicides Against the Wilting of Gcaused by Fusarium Solani F. Dalbergiae

A. C. Basak
International University of Business, Agricultural and Technology, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230.

Abul Khair
Professor
Department of Botany, University of Jahangirnagar, Savar, Dhaka.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Seven plant extracts and seven fungicides were tested to control the wilting disease of Dalbergia sissoo caused by Fusarium solani f. dalbergiae. Plant extracts of Vitex negundo (Nishinda), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimuin basilicum (Tulsi), Tagetes patula (Gandha), Polygonum hydropiper (Bishkantali), Adlwtoda vasica (Basok) and Centella asitica (Thankuni) were tested in 100%, 50% and 25% concentration in controlling the vegetative growth of the fungus. Basilieum inhibited the highest amount, about 56% growth of the culture. A. vasica and V. negundo were the second and third in controlling about 43% and about 42% of the vegetative growth. C. asiatica controled 40% while A. indica and T. patula controlled 39% and 37%. P. hydropiper was the least effective antifungal that inhibited about 32% growth of the tested fungus. Synthetic fungicides namely Ridomil Gold (Metalaxyl-M & Mancozeb), Thiovit (Sulphur), Sunvit (Copper Oxychloride), Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb), Avistin (Carbendazim), Bavistin (Carbendazim) and Forastin (Carbendazim) were screened out to test their efficacies in 500 ppm, 250 ppm and 125 ppm concentrations. Bavistin was the most effective of all in digesting the growth of the culture by 73%, 65% and 64% in three concentrations respectively. Forastin was the second in destroying about 66%, 63% and 58% while Avistin ranked the third in digesting 59%,52% and 41% mycelial growth in three fugicidal concentrations. Diathene M-45, Ridomil Gold, Sunvit and Thiovit inhibited 30%, 28%, 27% and 24% respectively.

Keywords: Antifungal, Dalbergia sissoo, Fungicides, Fusarium solani, F. dalbergiae, Mycelial growths

Location: Silviculture Genetics Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong

Start Date: 00-00-2004

End Date: 00-00-2005

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

To find out the procedures and impacts of the evaluated herbicides and fungicides on inhibiting the growth the fungal mycelium.

Methodology:

The mycelial growth inhibition test of the fungus, Fusarium solani f. dalbergiae was conducted in 2004-05 in the Silviculture Genetics Division of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong. Fresh leaves of Azadirachta indica, Vitex negundo, Adhatoda uasica, Ocimum basilicum, Centella asiatica, Polygonum hydropiper and Tagetes patula were collected, cleaned, washed with water, dried over tissue paper and cut into 1-2cm long pieces. Twenty-five grams of each sample was kept for 24 hours, inside separate conical flasks containing 50 ml sterile water maintaining a materials-water ratio of 1:2 (W IV). Then, they were crushed in a mortar and pas tie. Extracts were first sieved through several layers of cheese cloth and finally through filter papers. Filtrates were sterilized for 15 minutes at 121? under 15 PSI. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was prepared, sterilized for 20 minutes at 40-45?, and poured into Petridishes. Concentrated extracts of 10 ml having 100% concentration, were poured into 50, 55 and 57.5 ml PDA medium. Thus, 60 ml poisoned PDA for each concentration of each extract was prepared. The poisoned-foods were plated aseptically into 90 mm Petridishes at the rate of 20 ml in each for three replications of each concentration. Against each concentration, three replications of control Petridishes contained PDA and sterile water only. From seven days old" culture, 9 mm diameter mycelial disc was cut by an agar cutter; excess agar was removed by a sterile scalpel, and the disc was placed inverted onto a food medium for helping the fungus to grow without delay. The plates were left at 27-30?. Data on average diameter of inhibited as well as control growth, were recorded after 5 days of incubation. The synthetic fungicides, namely Ridomil Gold, Thiovit, Sunvit, Dithane M-45, Avistin, Bavistin and Forastin were diluted into 500, 250 and 125 ppm and marked properly. The preparation of three concentration profiles for each of the fungicides: 1g Bavistin+100 ml water = 1 % solution, i.e., 10000 ppm. 1ml solution from 10,000 ppm plus 9ml water=1000 ppm. 10ml from 1000ppm solution+10ml water=500ppm. 10ml from 500 ppm solution+10 ml water=250 ppm. 10ml from 250ppm solution+10ml water=125 ppm. One millilitre of the prepared solution of any strength was placed at the centre of a sterile Petridish and 15ml hot PDA was added to that. By agitating the plates for mixing up of the fungicidal solution and PDA gel, the plates were left to solidification. Control plates contained three replications of PDA and sterile water against each concentration. The remaining procedures were similar to those used in case of the plant extracts. The inhibition percentage was calculated.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Forest Science, Jan-June. 2013, Vol.32(2), pp:36-41, ISSN:1021-3279.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Synthetic fungicides namely Ridomil Gold (Metalaxyl-M & Mancozeb), Thiovit (Sulphur), Sunvit (Copper Oxychloride), Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb), Avistin (Carbendazim), Bavistin (Carbendazim) and Forastin (Carbendazim) were screened out to test their efficacies in 500 ppm, 250 ppm and 125 ppm concentrations. Bavistin was the most effective of all in digesting the growth of the culture by 73%, 65% and 64% in three concentrations respectively. Forastin was the second in destroying about 66%, 63% and 58% while Avistin ranked the third in digesting 59%,52% and 41% mycelial growth in three fugicidal concentrations. Diathene M-45, Ridomil Gold, Sunvit and Thiovit inhibited 30%, 28%, 27% and 24% respectively.

Knowledge Management: Journal