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Incidence of Guava (psidium Guajava L.) Wilt Caused by Fusarium Oxysporum Sch. F. Sp. Psidii in Bangladesh

M. ZAKIR HUSSAIN
Higher Education Quality Enhancement Project (HEQEP), UGC, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. A. RAHMAN
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701

M.A. BASHAR
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A survey was conducted in eighteen orchards in respect of incidence of guava wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii located in eight districts of Bangladesh. Observation of 2907 plants yielded 22.94% wilt in an average irrespective of varieties. The highest wilting (50%) was found in the Agricultural Research Station, Thakurgaon on cv. ‘Kazi peyara’ followed by 34.78% on cv. BARI peyara-2 at Gazipur; 32.39% on cv. Mukundapuri in Brahmanbaria, 22.58% on cv. ‘Kazi peyara’ in Faridpur, and 17.24% on cv. Kanchannagar in Chittagong and 12.50% on cv. Swarupkathi in the Pirojpur district, whereas the lowest percentage (8%) of wilted plants were observed on cv. BARI peyara- 2 and cv. ‘Kazi peyara’ at the RARS, Rahmatpur, Barisal, and at Pahartali, Chittagong. After initiation of wilt symptom, it took 15 to 170 days for completion of wilt in 2006. Wilting was recorded 25.51% within the first 30 days and 78.57% cumulative wilting was recorded after 60 days in 2006. Higher wilt incidence was recorded in August, September and October, whereas remarkable decrease of the disease was recorded during winter i.e. November and December in both the years.

Keywords: Guava, Wilt, F. oxysporum

Location: Barisal, Brahmanbaria,Chittagong, Faridpur, Gazipur, Khagrachari, Pirojpur and Thakurgaon

Start Date: 00-07-2006

End Date: 00-12-2007

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Guava

Objectives:

1. The present study deals with the incidence of wilt disease at major guava growing areas of Bangladesh and to observe the natural progressive wilting in relation to environmental and time factors in the farmer’s field.

Methodology:

Temporal and progressive natural wilting was recorded from July 2006 to December 2007 in a farmer’s guava orchard planted with cv. Kazi at Nagarkanda upazila in Faridpur district. In the present study, survey was conducted in the eight districts of Bangladesh where 18 orchards were visited. The districts were Barisal, Brahmanbaria, Chittagong, Faridpur, Gazipur, Khagrachari, Pirojpur and Thakurgaon. The surveyed areas covered farmers’ field as well as a few research stations of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). In each district, 1-5 established guava orchards were randomly selected. Total number of plants of the orchard was counted and mortality due to wilt was recorded. Interview of owners were also made where necessary. Field diagnosis of Fusarium wilt disease was conducted following the key symptoms: 1) Progressive branch death from oldest to newest canopy; 2) One sided leaflet death on a declining branch (Partial wilting) and 3) Discolored vascular bundles of roots or stem. Root and stem samples were collected from guava plants of different areas showing typical wilt symptoms (Fig.1). The pathogen was isolated from root and stem tissues following standard methods. Purified isolates were preserved at 4°C in PDA slants and in wheat bran culture for future use. To observe the natural wilting, a farmer’s guava orchard with cv. Kazi at Nagarkanda upazila of Faridpur district was selected. The orchard was raised in the year of 2002. Total number of counted plants was 510; each plant was given a 3-digit random serial number and tagged. Observation on progressive natural wilting was carried out by documenting wilt incidence in monthly interval from July 2006 to December 2007. Wilting percentages were also correlated with weather parameters, viz, air temperature, of wilt. To find out the minimum and maximum time needed for wilting, first six months initial visible wilt symptoms and time needed for complete wilting in each plant was documented in weekly interval using a 0-2 scale. Where 0 = healthy; 1 = initial wilting or yellowing of leaves; and 2 = complete or 100% wilting of the plant.

Source of Information: J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(1): 97-105, June 2014

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Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

Variation in the symptoms during different months was also observed. During September generally drooping of leaves was observed with lesser number of lighter green leaves on the plants. During October, wilted plants were observed with almost dried leaves with some dried black stony fruits on the branches. Some plants showed partial wilting while others showed yellowing of leaves in different months but escape wilting and then started recovering. A total of 60.98% plants wilted during July 2006 to December 2007. Out of 510 plants it was also observed that maximum plants took two months period for complete wilting (53.06%) after the appearance of first visible symptoms, though minimum time taken in complete wilting was only 15 days and maximum time recorded was 170 days. Data on progressive natural wilting revealed that during August, September, October, in 2006 and 2007 the highest wilting percentages were recorded as 4.51, 4.90, 4.31 and 5.69, 7.06, 4.51, respectively.

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