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Mycoflora Associated with Rubber Sheets and Its Management by Common Salt (sodium Chloride)

SHAMIM SHAMSI
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

PRANAMI CHOWDHURY
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Natural rubber is obtained almost from Hevea brasiliensis L. (family Euphorbiaceae). Rubber sheets are infected by fungi within 24 hours of processing and it is a major problem of rubber industry.The present research was undertaken to find out the mycoflora on rubber sheets and to devise a convenient method to protect the rubber sheets from fungal attack. The fungi were isolated from rubber sheets on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tieghem, Cladosporium cladosporioidis (Fresen) De Vries,, Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) Wei., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma viride Pers. Efficacy of common salt (NaCl) was evaluated against the isolated fungal species associated with unprocessed and processed rubber sheets in vitro. Radial colony growth of fungi associated with inocula prepared from unprocessed and processed rubber sheets was completely inhibited by salt at the concentrations used (10, 15 and 20 %) up to six months of observation.

Keywords: Mycoflora, Rubber sheets, Management, Common salt, Sodium chloride

Location: Rawjan rubber plantation area of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-08-2012

End Date: 00-12-2012

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Non-commodity: Adoption of technology

Objectives:

1. Present research was under taken to find out the association of fungi with unprocessed and processed rubber sheets and their control.

Methodology:

Infected rubber sheets were supplied from Rawjan rubber plantation area of Bangladesh from August to December 2012. Unprocessed and processed rubber sheets were stored at 25-30 0 C (room temperature) and 10 ⁰ C. (refrigerator). The fungi were isolated from rubber sheets on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium during the period of August 2012 to May 2013. The specimens were cut into small pieces (2mm x 2mm) and surface sterilized by dipping in 10% chlorox for 3-5 minutes followed by rinsing in sterilized water. Surface sterilized rubber pieces were placed on PDA medium (CAB 1968). From each sample 30 inocula were taken and 3 pieces were inoculated on solidified PDA in each Petri dish. Three inocula were placed in each plate and incubated for 5-7 days at 25 ± 1º C. Fungi growing out of the inocula were transferred to separate plates and slants for further studies and storage. For microscopic observations fungal structures like mycelia, spore bearing structures and spores were scrapped off from the surface of rubber sheets with a scalpel and was mounted in lacto phenol over a clean slide. In case of hyaline structures, a little amount of aniline blue (cotton blue) was added to the mounted fluid. The isolated fungi were identified based on morphological characteristics observed under a compound microscope following standard keys (Barnett and Hunter 1972, Ellis 1971, 1976, Ellis and Ellis 1997 and Sutton 1980). Prevalence (%) of fungi in different specimens was also recorded. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka. All the specimens were preserved in the Herbarium, Mycology and Plant Pathology section, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Efficacy of common salt (NaCl) was evaluated against fungal species associated with unprocessed and processed rubber sheets in vitro. Rubber inocula were placed for 24 hours in test tubes with 5, 10, 15 and 20% NaCl solution then plugged with sterilized cotton. PDA medium with 5, 10, 15 and 20% NaCl was prepared and poured into sterilized Petri plates and was allowed to solidify. Each Petri plates was inoculated centrally with a 2×2 mm rubber inocula. In control set, Petri plates containing PDA medium with the requisite amount of distilled water instead of salt was also inoculated with rubber inocula in the same way as described above. Three replications were maintained for both treatment and control sets. The inoculated Petri plates were incubated at 25 ± 1ºC. The radial growth of the colonies was measured after 5 days of incubation. The percentage growth inhibition of each test pathogen was calculated by using the following formula: I = (C - T)/C x 100 Where, I = percent growth inhibition, C = growth in control and T = growth in treatment

Source of Information: J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(1): 79-87, June 2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The fungi were isolated from rubber sheets on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tieghem, Cladosporium cladosporioidis (Fresen) De Vries,, Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) Wei., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma viride Pers. Efficacy of common salt (NaCl) was evaluated against the isolated fungal species associated with unprocessed and processed rubber sheets in vitro. Radial colony growth of fungi associated with inocula prepared from unprocessed and processed rubber sheets was completely inhibited by salt at the concentrations used (10, 15 and 20 %) up to six months of observation.

Knowledge Management: Journal