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A Biological Tool to Combat Against Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Isolated from Poultry of Chittagong City, Bangladesh

Mahbuba A
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University

Prodhan SH
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University

Bhuiyan H
Industrial Microbiology, Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Chittagong.

Das S
Industrial Microbiology, Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Chittagong.

Islam S
Industrial Microbiology, Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Chittagong.

Mazumdar RM
Industrial Microbiology, Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Chittagong.

Fakruddin M
Industrial Microbiology, Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Chittagong.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Thirty two strains of Salmonella were isolated from the samples collected from different poultry farm of Chittagong City. Isolated organisms were then subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test against seven different standard antibiotics. Most of the strains tested were resistant to four antibiotics; 93.75% were resistant to co-trimaxazole, while 90.62% were resistant to cephotaxime, nalidixic acid and Tetracycline each. In this study, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were found to be the most potent drugs, (78.125%) were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin & (78.125%) were sensitive to gentamicin. Antimicrobial activity of bark extract of T. arjuna against 13 selected isolates of Salmonella were then determined. During the course of the anti-microbial screening it was found that among the 13 selected isolates, Salmonella (L3-B1), Salmonella (L5-X4), Salmonella (F-X2) and Salmonella (S2-B1) showed good sensitivity to crude extract of T. arjuna.

Keywords: Salmonella, Chittagong City, Poultry, Antibiotic Resistant, T. arjuna.

Location: Poultry farms of Chittagong City

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

The main objective of this research was to determine the multidrug-resistant status of Salmonella isolated from poultry of Chittagong City, Bangladesh and to find out a biological tool to combat against multidrug-resistant Salmonella.

Methodology:

Collection of poultry samples: Samples were collected from different poultry farms of Chittagong City. Liver, kidney, flesh, heart, albumin, yolk, spleen and lung samples of the chickens died from salmonella infection were subjected to investigation. Isolation of Salmonella: Samples were aseptically cultured into Selenite Cystein Broth (Hi media, India) and incubated at 37ºC for 18-24 hours. After incubation, a loopful of each broth was streaked onto Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS agar). Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (XLD agar) and Brilliant Green agar were also used as selective media for primary isolation of Salmonella. (Salehi et al., 2005). Biochemical tests were performed for identification of the organism including: Triple sugars iron test, Urease test, Mortality Indole urea test, Citrate utilization test Lactose fermentation test, Methyl Red test and Voges Proskauer test (VP). The organisms were then subjected to gram staining and observed under microscope. Collection and extraction of plant material: The bark of T. arjuna was collected in fresh condition from Chittagong Hill tracts. The cleaned samples were cut into small pieces (1-2 cm) and dried in air. The samples were ground to fine powder mechanically and the dried powder was kept steeped for 72 hours in ethanol. Antibiotic sensitivity test against standard antibiotics: For in vitro susceptibility test, the isolated organisms were subjected to seven standard antibiotics. The disc diffusion method was followed to determine susceptibility of the Salmonella isolates (Coyle, 2005). The bacterial suspension turbidity was adjusted to McFarland standard number 0.5, in Mueller Hinton Broth (Hi-media, India). With a sterile cotton swab bacterial culture was streaked on Mueller Hinton Agar plate (Hi-media, India). Commercial antibiotic discs containing single concentration of each antibiotic were then placed on the inoculated plate surface. The zone of inhibition of growth around each disc after incubation at 37ºC was measured in millimeters. Determination of antibacterial activity of Terminalia arjuna crude extracts: In vitro sensitivity of the 13 selected Salmonella isolates to the crude extract of T arjuna was determined by disc diffusion method. Dried and sterilized paper discs were treated separately with desired concentration of previously prepared ethanolic solution of the crude extract using a micropipette, dried in air under aseptic conditions and placed at equidistance in a circle on the seeded plate.

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(1):71-75

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It appears from the results that the crude extract was effective against most Salmonella isolates. Its potential application in the treatment of bacterial infection in poultry industry of Bangladesh would therefore be promising. This work will lead to innovate the active constituents of the plant T. arjuna for the antibacterial activity. On the basis of the result obtained in this present investigation, it conclude that the ethanol extract of T. arjuna had significant in vitro antimicrobial activity.

Knowledge Management: Journal