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Comparative Efficacy of Avinew (vg/ga Strain) and Bcrdv (f Strain) Vaccines Against Newcastle Disease in Broiler Chickens

M. S. Mahmud
Department of Microbiology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. T. Hossain
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

P. Monoura
Animal Health Research Division, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. M. Amin
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted for the detection of persistence of maternal antibody as well as the comparative efficacy of Avinew (VG/GA Strain) and BCRDV (F Strain) vaccines against Newcastle disease during the period from January to April 2006 using 100 day-old broiler chicks divided into three groups namely A, B and C. Birds of groups A and B consisting each of 40 were primarily vaccinated intraocularly (IO) with Avinew and BCRDV respectively at the age of day three (3) and secondarily with the same vaccines, as the cases were, on day 20. Sera samples were obtained from 10 randomly selected birds on each occasion of day 1, 10, 17, 27, 30, 34 and 44 of age of birds. Birds of group C were maintained as unvaccinated control for the determination of existence of maternal antibody parallel to the day of vaccination and challenge. It was observed that following primary vaccination in case of group A, the HI titres with a mean ± SD on day 10 and 17 were 121.6 ± 19.2 and 60.8 ± 9.60 respectively as against at mean titres ± SD of 57.6 ± 12.8 and 30.4 ± 4.80 in case group B respectively. On the other hand, subsequent to secondary vaccination, sera samples obtained from group A on day 27 had a mean ± SD of HI titres 128 ± 0 and in case of group B, the performance of Avinew in respect of such titre was 57.6 ± 12.8 on day 27. Thus it was indicated that performance of Aninew in respect of elucidation of HI antibody was comparatively better than that of BCRDV. In case of unvaccinated control birds of group C, the mean of existence of maternal antibody with ± SD were 512 ± 0, 54.4 ± 14.66, 24 ± 8, 12.8 ± 8.54, ≤ 4, ≤ 4 and ≤ 4 at the age of day 1, 10, 17, 27, 30, 34 and 44 respectively. One half of vaccinated birds of groups A and B were subjected to challenge test with a virulent isolate of NDV on each of two occasion of day 30 and 44 of age of birds where it was observed that 100% of both the groups of A and B were refractory to each test whereas 95% and 85% of the remaining half of birds of groups A and B resisted the challenge exposure. It was found that maternal antibody against NDV in chicks persisted to a minimal until the age of day 27 and none at day 30 or 34. The analysis of HI titres by Student’s t-test revealed that Avinew vaccinated group maintained significantly higher HI titres following primary and secondary vaccination as well as during first challenge than that of BCRDV vaccinated group.

Keywords: Avinew, , Efficacy, Vaccine, Broiler chicks

Location: The Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-01-2006

End Date: 00-04-2006

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

To observe the persistence of maternally derived antibody to NDV in chicks and also to compare the efficacy of Avinew (VG/GA strain, Lentogenic) and BCRDV (F strain, Lentogenic) in broiler chickens.

Methodology:

A total of 200 day-old-chicks of Cobb-500 strain of broiler with courtesy of Advanced Animals Science Co. Ltd. with the history of vaccination of parent stock against Newcastle disease (ND) were collected from the Peoples Hatchery Ltd., Tangail. The birds were supplied with feed (Quality Feed Co. Ltd.) and water ad libitum maintaining strict biosecurity. Lyophilized NDV vaccines ‘Avinew’ and ‘BCRDV’ were used during the experiment. The Avinew (VG/GA strain, Lentogenic) was collected with the courtesy of Advance Animal Science Co. Ltd., Lalmatia, Dhaka and Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (BCRDV, Lentogenic) was collected from Sadar Veterinary Hospital, Mymensingh. The vaccines were stored and diluted during use according to the instruction of the manufacturers.The virulent NDV isolate obtained from the laboratory repository of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh was propagated to activate the virus into 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs through allantoic cavity route. After four serial passages in embryo, the allantoic fluid was collected and stored at -20⁰C until used.A total of 100 chickens were divided into three groups as A, B and C where groups A and B contained 40 birds each and group C contained 20 birds. Each vial of Avinew vaccine was diluted with 30 ml of diluent as was supplied with it and BCRDV was diluted with 3 ml of distilled water at the time of vaccination. The experimental chickens of groups A and B were primarily vaccinated via intraocular route (IO) with Avinew (VG/GA strain, Lentogenic) and BCRDV (F strain, Lentogenic) respectively at day 3 of age of chicks and at day 20 of age chicks were provided with a secondary dose through IO route with the same vaccine. Chickens of group C were kept as control. Blood was collected from 10 randomly selected chickens from each group at the age of day 1, 10, 17, 27, 30, 34 and 44 for the determination of HI antibody titre in each serum. The procedure of HI test was followed as per method described and divided into two parts: microplate HA test to determine HA units (4 Units/25μl) and microplate HI test. Half of the vaccinated and control chicks were challenged with a virulent field isolate of NDV after 10 days (30 days age of birds) and rest half after 24 days (44 days age of birds) of second vaccination. Each bird was inoculated via intramuscular route with 0.5 ml of 100 ELD50 viruses and was kept isolate for observation of any clinical signs or death. The pattern of death was recorded. Data obtained were statistically for differences in the HI titres using Student’s ‘t’-test according to the standard procedures as described.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 19–23

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed that the mean ± SD of sera samples of groups A and B were 121.6 ± 19.2 and 57.6 ± 12.8 respectively on day 10 whereas such a mean titres were 60.8 ± 9.6 and 30.4 ± 4.8 on day 17 respectively. Similarly it was found that on day 27, the mean ± SD of HI titres of group A was 128 ± 0 and group B was 57.6 ± 12.8. On the following occasion of day 30, 34 and 44 the mean ± SD of HI in group A were 57.6 ± 12.8, 30.4 ± 4.8 and 20 ± 8.19 respectively and in group B were 22.4 ± 9.99, 18.6 ± 8.2 and 14 ± 6.4 respectively. A comparison of those would indicate the superiority of Avinew (VG/GA strain) to BCRDV although when the birds were subjected to protection test the picture was not as clearly evident as the mean HI titres were. In case of group C, the decline of maternal antibody appeared to be gradual with increase of age of birds. Protection tests of two sets of vaccination of birds of group A as well as B and unvaccinated control (group C) birds were conducted at day 30 and 44 (10 and 24 days postsecondary vaccination respectively). It was observed that 100% of both the groups of first set of birds were refractory to such challenge infection. On the second instance, when the remaining birds were exposed to an isolate of field velogenic virus as was in the first instance, it was noted that 95% of group A and 85% of group B resisted the challenge. On both the occasion, birds of the control group C succumbed to infection. Schmidt and Schmidt (1955) observed that minimum HI titre to resist challenge infection was 16 or more. However, Al-Garib et al. (2003) with reference from Borland and Allan (1980) pointed out that ‘Cloning’ was used to obtain viruses with high immunogenicity which might be the reason for better performance of the virus ‘Avinew’ (VG/GA strain). The connotation needs further investigation. There were significant (p < 0.01) differences of HI titres of group A (Avinew vaccinated group) and group B (BCRDV vaccinated group) following primary and secondary vaccination and during first challenge also, that is, birds of group A, maintained significantly (p < 0.01) higher HI titres up to 34 days of age following primary and secondary vaccination and also during first challenge.

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