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Production of Formalin Killed Fowl Typhoid Vaccine Using Local Isolates of Salmonella Gallinarum in Bangladesh

M. R. Akter
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Dinajpur Government Veterinary College, Basherhat, Dinajpur.

K. A. Choudhury
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. Rahman
Department Microbiology, Dinajpur Government Veterinary College, Basherhat, Dinajpur.

M. S. Islam
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Dinajpur Government Veterinary College, Basherhat, Dinajpur.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Salmonellosis is a common problem in poultry farms of our country. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic to control the disease results drug resistance and limits the therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of the disease. This study was conducted during the period from January to May 2006 at Gobindapur of Dinajpur district. The present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of salmonellosis in layer flocks and antibiogram study following isolation of Salmonellae. A total of 225 Star cross 579 brown chickens were studied with rapid serum plate agglutination test. Liver of 200 dead birds was studied for isolation and identification of Salmonellae. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of isolated Salmonellae was performed with commercial sensitivity discs. The overall seroprevalence was recorded 23.11%. The prevalence was varied from age to age. The highest rate was 28% in above 20 weeks of age. The antibiogram study revealed that the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (80%), nitrofurantoin (100%), sulphamethoxazole/ trimeoprim and amoxycillin (50%), tetracycline (60%) but resistant to penicillin-G and erythromycin. Further studies should be conducted on serotyping of the isolated Salmonellae, isolation and identification of Salmonellae from different feed and environmental sample.

Keywords: Salmonellosis, Seroprevalence, Antibiogram, Layer chickens

Location: Star Agro Poultry Farm, Gobindapur of Dinajpur district and Department of Microbiology, Dinajpur Government Veterinary College, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-01-2006

End Date: 00-05-2006

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

To determine the sero-prevalence and clinical-prevalence of salmonellosis in layer flock as well as antibiotic sensitivity test following isolation of Salmonellae from those flocks.

Methodology:

The breed was Star cross 579 brown. The birds and their parents were not vaccinated with any Salmonella vaccine. No antibiotics were used previously in the selected flocks for the prevention of any disease. The birds were divided into three groups as group A (~8 weeks old), group B (9-20 weeks old) and group C (above 20 weeks old). A total of 225 blood samples were collected from selected flocks (10% of total flock) from the wing vein of individual birds. Blood were collected aseptically in sterile vial with sterile 5-ml syringe. Then the samples were allowed to clotting in the syringe and kept for 1-2 hours at room temperature, after clotting, sera were separated, centrifuged and poured in sterile vials, labeled individually and stored at -20°C until used. The rapid serum plate agglutination test was preformed according to the procedure described by OIE (2000) with crystal violet stained Salmonella antigen SP antigen). For this test 0.02 ml of antigen and 0.02 ml of chicken sera were placed side by side with a micropipette on a glass plate and was mixed thoroughly by stirring with stirrer stick followed by rocking. The representative Salmonellae isolates from SS agar were stained by Gram’s stain. Motility test was performed by MIU (Motility, Indole, Urea) medium according to the procedure described by OIE (2000). Several biochemical tests such citrate utilization test (using Simmons citrate agar), triple sugar iron (TSI) agar slant reaction, Indole test, Methyl Red (MR) test, Voges-Proskaur (V-P) test, Dulcitol fermentation test and Ornithine test were performed according to the procedure described. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of isolated Salmonella was performed with the standardized commercial sensitivity discs manufactured by Oxoid limited (Basingstoke, Hampshire, England). Sensitivity to antibacterial agents (antibiotic) was studied on nutrient agar and Salmonella-Shigella agar plates with erythromycin (E) 15μg, sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (SxT) 25μg, ciprofloxacin (CIP) 5μg, nitrofurantoin (F) 300μg, amoxycillin (AML) 25μg, penecilin-G (P) 10 units and tetracycline (TE) 30μg. This test was performed according to the procedure described in OIE (2000).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 39–42

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed that all isolates were gram negative, small rod shaped with single or pair shaped. All the isolates were indole negative and TSI agar slant positive. Out of 15 isolates 12 were positive on dulcitol and others were negative. On the other hand 3 were ornithine positive and other 12 were negative. It indicated that the 12 (80%) isolates were Salmonella gallinarum and 3 (20%) were Salmonella pullorum. The higher rate of Salmonella gallinarum than S. pullorum is supported who detected 62.5% S. gallinarum and 25% S. pullorum. The antibiogram study revealed that the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (80%), nitrofurantoin (100%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amoxycillin (50%), tetracycline (60%). The isolates were found resistant to penicillin-G and erythromycin but nitrofurantoin was found highly effective (100%). These findings were strongly supported. However, for useful application of the present research findings further studies should be conducted on serotyping of the isolated Salmonellae, isolation and identification of Salmonellae from different feed and environmental sample.

Knowledge Management: Journal