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Effect of High Temperature Stress on the Performance of Twelve Sweet Pepper Genotypes

S. R. SAHA
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Physiology Section, HRC, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

M. M. HOSSAIN
Professor
Dept. of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

M. M. RAHMAN
Professor
Dept. of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

C. G. KUO
Plant Physiologist, AVRDC, Taiwan

S. ABDULLAH
Scientific Officer
TCRC, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study on heat tolerance in sweet pepper was conducted at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre (AVRDC), Taiwan from December 1999 to May 2000. Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of 29/23°C and 24/18°C stress on 12 sweet pepper genotypes on growth, development, reproductive behaviour and yield potentialities and to verify the results of the phytotron study. Performance of 12 sweet pepper genotypes was evaluated under two different temperature regimes of 24/18°C and 29/23°C in the phytotron. Plant height was found higher at 29/23°C compared to 24/18°C. High temperature reduced percent fruit set as well as size of fruits. Individual fruit weight was higher (7.44-125.00 g) when grown at 24/18°C and lower (5.35-103.80 g) at 29/23°C. Out of 12 genotypes, SP00l, SP002, SP004, and SP012 performed poor in respect of per plant yield at higher temperature compared to the lower temperature. So, these four genotypes were considered to be heat sensitive than the others. Leaf proline content of the sensitive genotypes decreased under the high temperature conditions and the heat tolerant lines produced higher amount of proline indicating the role of proline in expressing the heat tolerant capability of sweet pepper genotypes concerned.

Keywords: High temperature stress, Performance, Sweet pepper.

Location:

Start Date: 00-12-1999

End Date: 00-05-2000

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Temperature

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to investigate the vegetative growth, reproductive behaviour and proline content of leaves of the bell pepper genotypes as affected by high temperature

Methodology:

An investigation was carried out at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) to observe the performance of twelve AVRDC accessions and breeding lines of sweet pepper at different temperature regimes during the period from December 1999 to Mid-May 2000. To minimize tobamoviruses seed infection, seeds were soaked in a 10% (w/v) solution of trisodium phosphate (TSP) for 30 minutes and then transferred them to a same fresh solution for two hours and then rinsed in running water for 45 minutes. The seeds were sown on 10 December 1999 in 70-cell seedling trays with sowing medium in green house. The sowing medium used in the present study was 70% peat-moss and 30% coarse vermiculite. Two seeds were sown in each cell at a depth of 1 cm and three days after germination when first true leaf appeared, one seedling was thinned out keeping the good one intact. Before transferring, the seedlings were hardened by exposing them to direct sunlight for 4-5 days. After hardening, the seedlings were transferred to pots of 17 cm height and 14.5 cm diameter. The pots were filled up with AVRDC potting mixture, which was prepared by mixing soil, compost, and sand in the ratio of 3:1:1. The potting mixture was autoclaved at 120 °C for 30 minutes for sterilization. After one week of transplanting the seedlings in the larger pots, they were placed in two walk-in plant growth chambers (phytotron) one maintaining 24/18°C and the 29/23°C day/night temperatures, respectively. In both types of growth chambers, a constant 14 hours light conditions and 10 hours dark conditions were maintained throughout the study period. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in both the growth chambers varied from 350-400 µmolm-2S-1 as measured at the top of the canopy with a LI-COR (Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) model 1903 quantum flux sensor. The radiation sources consisted of cool white fluorescent (CWF) lamps and general incandescent lamps. The relative humidity inside the chamber was around 65±5%. Carbon dioxide levels were approximately 350 gm^-3. Two separate single factor experiments were conducted. The randomized complete block design was used. Each experiment was conducted in phytotron. Fruits of sweet pepper were harvested when reached full size of edible maturity depending on the germplasm and became firm but before turning colour (Yellow, Orange or Red) as per Berke et al. (1999). The different morphological, physiological and yield and yield contributing characters of the genotypes were recorded as follows: Plant height (cm), percent fruit set, fruits per plant, individual fruit weight (g), yield per plant (g), fruit length (mm), fruit diameter (mm). Proline estimation : After three weeks of growth in the growth chamber, young leaves (2nd and 3rd leaf) were used for proline estimation following the methods developed by Troll and Lindsley (1955). The data recorded on different parameters were analyzed statistically with the help of computer ‘MSTAT’ program. The difference between treatment means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) for interpretation of results.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(3) : 525-534, September 2010, ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

On the basis of the results of the experiment, it may be concluded that percent fruit-set and fruit size in plants raised at 24/18°C was higher than at 29°/23°C. Yield per plant was higher at 29/23°C than 24/18°C. Eight genotypes, namely SP003, SP005, SP006, SP007, SP008, SP009, SP010, and SP011 were found to be heat tolerant and the rest four were heat sensitive. Proline content in heat tolerant genotypes was comparatively high than the sensitive ones. Based on the investigations, SP006, SP007, SP008, SP009, SP010, and SP011 may be recommended as heat tolerant genotypes to proceed on for varietal development of sweet pepper in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal