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Potassium Fertilization in Rice-rice and Rice- Wheat Cropping System in Bangladesh

M A Mazid Miah
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Joydevpur, Gazipur-170I, Bangladesh.

P K Saha
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Joydevpur, Gazipur-170I, Bangladesh.

M Nazmul Hasan
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Joydevpur, Gazipur-170I, Bangladesh.

V Nosov
Intemational Potash Institute, Coordinator India East and Bangladesh, C/O IPC, P.O. Box 486, Moscow 11903.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments and farmers' field demonstrations were conducted in the Central part and Northwestern (NW) region of Bangladesh to study the effect of potassium fertilizer on rice and wheat yields and find out the appropriate dose of potassium fertilizer for these crops under rice- rice and rice-wheat cropping pattern. Potassium fertilization significantly increased the production of rice-rice and rice-wheat cropping system. In complete fertilized plot, the yearly grain yield of rice was roughly consistent within the range of 9-10 t ha_-1 while in the no K applied plots the grain yield production decreased sharply with time from about 10 t ha_-I in 1985 to 6.2 t ha_-I in 2000. The initial rice yield decreased due to omission of K was not significant hut the yield gap between the balanced treatment and the zero K treatment widened sharply and significantly with time. In the reverse treatment, i.e. the application of K to the plots not receiving K for the last 16 years, a dramatic yield increase by 2 t ha^-I was observed. The estimated nutrient balance after 16 years indicated a severe depletion of K from experimental soil. The rate of K mining from fertilized plot was 141 kg h^_a-I yr^_-1 and from K omitted plot was 132 kg ha^-1 yr^-1. Potassium fertilization at 50 kg K ha^-I appeared to be sufficient and economically most viable to produce optimum grain yield of rice in both dry and wet season in clay loam soil at Gazipur and 66 kg K ha^-1 for T Aman rice and wheat in sandy loam soil in Northwestern region of Bangladesh. Crop residues incorporation at 4.5 t ha^-1 substantially increased the rice and wheat yield, which was comparable to that of 33 kg K ha^-1 and farmers K dose. The effect of applied K was more prominent in light textured soil than in heavy textured soil. On the other hand, wheat crop utilized the applied K more efficiently than rice crops. In research trails, K fertilization increased rice grain up to 16% over control plot in clay loam soil while 30% of rice and 53% of wheat grain in sandy loam soil. Application of K fertilizer on soil test based (STB) increased grain yield of rice up to 20% in T Aman and 24% in Boro season ill the farmer's field demonstration at Gazipur while in NW region, the application of K fertilizer on STB in farmer's field increased grain yield of wheat by 86% and T Aman rice by 25% over K control plot. Response of K fertilizer to the grain yield of rice and wheat was found more prominent in farmer's field demonstration than that of research trial in experimental field.

Keywords: Rice, Potassium, Wheat

Location: Gazipur. Dinajpur, Thakurgaon and Panchagar

Start Date: 00-00-2003

End Date: 00-00-2007

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Fertilizer, Rice, Wheat

Objectives:

To develop appropriate K-fertilizer management practices for sustainable improvement of soil health and crop production of rice-rice and rice-wheat cropping system.

Methodology:

Research trials and farmers' field demonstrations were conducted with varying combinations of nutrient treatments under Boro-Fallow-T. Aman and Wheat-Fallow-T. Aman cropping pattern at different locations in Bangladesh during 2003-2007. Research trials were conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute farm Gazipur and at Hajee Danesh University of Science and Technology experimental farm, Dinajpur Farmers' field demonstrations were conducted at Gazipur and Dinajpur, Thakurgaon and Panchagar (AEZ 1). The Gazipur soils are clay loam in texture, low in fertility status and very strongly acidic to slightly acidic in reaction. The soils of the experimental field in Northwestern region are sandy loam in texture, very strongly acidic to strongly acidic in nature, very low in total nitrogen, exchangeable K and S, very low to optimum in P and low to optimum in Zn content. Tested cropping patterns were Boro-Fallow-T. Aman in Gazipur and Wheat-Fallow-T. Aman in NW region. The rice varieties used for Boro were BR3, BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 and in T. Aman BRII, BRRI dhan 3I. BRRI dhan39 and BRRI dhan41. The continuous omission of some fertilizer was demonstrated in a long-term soil fertility experiment at BRRI farm Gazipur. The experiment was initiated in 1985 and has been continued to date. There was a "complete" treatment consisting of the application of recommended N, P, K S and Zn fertilizer and other treatments "missing" the nutrient elements such as - N, -P,-K, -S and -Zn. In the research trials six potassium treatments with varying does viz. K controk (Ko), recycling of crop residues but no K fertilizer (K_o+_CR), 33 kg K/ha (K₃₃), 50 kg K/ha (K₅₀), 66 kg K/ha (K₆₆) and farmers' fertilizer doses (k_Fp) were tested in RCB desing with 4 replications. Farmer's field demonstrations were established with three doses of K fertilizer such as K control (K₀), farmer's practice of K (K_FP) and soil test based K dose (K_STB). The soil test based flat doses of NPS and Zn was applied in all the plots. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied into 3 splits for rice and into two splits for wheat. All other fertilizers (P,K,S&Zn) were applied at land preparation. In K₀+_CR treatment, residues of previous crop were incorporated into the soil through ploughing at 10-15 days before transplanting/sowing. Two to three rice seedling/hill were transplanted at 20x20 cm spacing and wheat was sown in line. The crop was harvested from 5 m² area at the center of each plot and rice grain weight was adjusted to 14% and wheat grain to 12% moisture content. Soil and plant samples were analyzed using standard analytical procedure . The obtained data were statistically analyzed using IRRISTAT version 4.1 (IRRI 1998) and the economic analysis was dome using standard procedure.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agric. and Environ. 4: 51-67, Special Issue 2008,

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Potassium fertilization significantly increased the production of Rice-Rice and Rice-Wheat cropping system. Initially, the decrease of yield of rice and wheat due to omission of K was not significant but the yield gap between the balanced fertilized and the no applied K plot widened sharply and significantly with time. Long-term omission of K severely intensified the K problem. Crop residue may be a reasonable additional source of potassium for crop nutrition but the highest productivity is achieved with mineral potash fertilizer use. Light textured soil responded notably compared to heavy textured soil to applied K. The response of grain yield to added K was found to be more prominent in dry rice season than that of wet rice season; and in wheat compared to rice. Application of K fertilizer at 50 kg K/ha at each crop in Rice-Fallow-Rice cropping pattern in clay loam soil and at 66 kg K/ha in each wheat and rice crop in Wheat-Fallow-Rice cropping pattern in sandy loam soil appeared to be economically most viable K fertilizer doses. These results indicated the need for increasing the present recommended K fertilizer dose for the MV Rice-Rice and Wheat-Rice crop production system in flood free land where yearly K replenishment due to alluvial deposition doses not occur.

Knowledge Management: Journal