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Genetic Diversity of Local Irrigated Rice (oryza Sativa L.)

Mohammad Zahidul Islam
Scientific Officer
Genetic resources and Seed Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701

Khaleda Akter
Scientific Officer
Genetic resources and Seed Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701

E.S. M. H. Rashid
Scientific Officer
Genetic resources and Seed Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701

M.Khalequzzam
PSO
Genetic resources and Seed Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701

M. K. Bashar
CSO
Genetic resources and Seed Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic diversity of 40 traditional Bangladeshi rice genotypes was studied under irrigated condition through Mahalanobis D² statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The inter- cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster V contained the highest number of genotypes and the cluster VI contained the lowest. The highest intra-cluster distance was noticed for the cluster V and lowest for cluster VI. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and VI followed by cluster I and VI, cluster V and VI and the lowest between cluster VI and VI. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster VI showed high genetic distance from all other clusters. The genotypes from cluster VI could be hybridized with the genotypes of other characters of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on positive values of vector 1 and vector 2, days to flowering, days to maturity and grain yield had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for yield and other second highest four yield contributing characters (plant height, growth duration, panicle length and flag leaf area) were obtained from cluster IV. The highest plant height, harvest index, filled grains/panicle and panicle length were found in cluster VI while the lowest mean value for yield and other low to moderate mean value for yield contributing characters were found in cluster I. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster I and cluster IV, cluster IV and cluster V or cluster II for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster I which would be used to produce new recombinants with desired traits.

Keywords: Genetic diversity, D2 analysis, Cluster analysis, Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Location: BRRI, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2007

End Date:

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To assess the extent of genetic diversity in 40 traditional rice varieties.

Methodology:

Forty rice genotypes selected from the germplasm bank of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur were grown under irrigated condition (boro) in 2007. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Forty days-old seedlings from each entry were transplanted using single seedling per hill in 2.4 m² plot following 25 cm and 15 cm space between rows and plants, respectively. Fertilizers were applied @ 80:60:40: 12 kg N, P, K and S per hectare. All the fertilizers except N were applied at final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied in three equal splits, at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), at 35 DAT and just before flowering. Intercultural operations and pest control measures were done as and when necessary. At maturity, grain yield (g/hill) was taken and adjusted at 14% moisture level. Ten plants from each entry were randomly selected for recording data on seedling height (cm), plant height (cm), days to flowering, days to maturity, panicle length (cm), panicle number/plant, filled grains/panicle, grain length (mm), grain breadth (mm), 1000 grain weight (g), harvest index (HI), flag leaf area (cm²) and grain yield (g/hill). Flag leaf area was calculated according to Gomez (1983). The data were analyzed following principal component analysis (PCA) and Mahalanobis's (1936) generalized distance (D²) extended by Rao (1952). Intra and inter cluster distances were calculated by the methods of Singh and Chaudhary (1985). All statistical analyses were carried out using Genstat 513.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetices. (2009): Vol 22(2):21-56,

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present study the maximum distances existed between cluster IV and VI. However, considering the yield, filled grains number, crosses involving cluster II and cluster VI may exhibit high heterosis for yield. Again, considering growth duration and plant height, crosses between cluster I and VI may exhibit higher heterosis for earliness and dwarf stature. Similarly; the genotypes of cluster IV might be crossed with the genotypes of cluster I to get higher grain yield. Mian and Bahi (1989) reported that the parents separated by inter-cluster of medium magnitude generally showed higher heterosis in chickpea. Similar findings also reported by Habib et al., 2005 for rice. Keeping this view in mind, it appears that the crosses between the genotypes/parents of cluster I and cluster IV, cluster IV and cluster V or cluster II would exhibit high heterosis as well as higher level of yield potential. So, based on this result, the genotypes under cluster I and cluster IV, cluster IV and cluster V or cluster II might be selected for future breeding program.

Knowledge Management: Journal