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Diversity of Arthropods in Irrigated Rice in Bangladesh

Dr. Z. Islam
PSO & Head (Ex.)
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur 1701

M. A. Rahman
Reseacher
Proshika Manobik Unnayan Kendra, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dr A T Barrion
Reseacher
IRRI, Philippines

Dr. A. Polaszek
Researcher
NRI, UK

Dr. T. Chancellor
Director
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom

Dr. K.L. Heong
Researcher
Crop and Environment Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines

Dr. Nur Ahmed
CSO (C.C) & Head
Entomology Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur 1701

Dr. Mainul Haq
CSO & Head (Ex.)
Entomology Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur 1701

Dr. N Q Kamal
Director (Ex.)
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur 1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Diversity and richness of arthropods in irrigated rice were investigated in selected field under Boro-Aman cropping pattern at two sites of Bangladesh. Arthropods were collected using a suction sampling machine and sweep net at 2-3 weeks intervals during six successive seasons starting from Boro (dry season rice) 1999. Collected arthropods were identified and grouped as functional guilds such as plant feeders, predators and parasitoid. A total of 124, 118 and 113 species of plant feeding arthropods, predators and parasitic arthropods were recorded respectively. The plant feeding arthropods belonged [0 nine orders and 50 families. Twelve species were major and 78 minor pests of rice, while 29 were non-rice plant feeding and hosts of the five remaining species were not known. The presence of non-rice plant feeders probably play an important role in supporting natural enemies at a critical lime of the season soon after crop establishment. Insects dominated the arthropod predator complex, 81 species belonging to 36 families of seven orders, followed by spiders - 36 species belonging to 10 families. The parasitic arthropod complex was dominated by Hymenoptera, 103 species belonging to 21 families, while only 10 species of parasitic Diptera belonging to 4 families and an acari were found. The present study recorded 91 species of plant feeders, 68 species of predators and 80 species of parasitic arthropods as new records in rice in Bangladesh increasing the lists of plant feeder, predator and parasitic species to 266, 163 and 183 respectively. However, the present study encountered only 18.9% of plant feeders, 52.6% of predators and 32.0% of parasitoids reported earlier, indicating that the actual diversity and richness is probably much greater than so far recorded. The relationship between rice pests and natural enemies appeared to be more stable than the conventional idea that there is all unstable balance due to intensive rice cropping over large area. This is mainly due to the fact that the system hosts a very rich and diverse complex of plant feeders and their natural enemies.

Keywords: Rice, Arthropods, Diversity, Plant feeders, Parasitoids, Predators

Location: Manikganj and Bogra, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-1999

End Date: 00-00-2001

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Rice, Insects

Objectives:

To report the diversity of rice arthropods in a few selected farmers fields in two intensive rice areas of the country through the intensive sampling during six successive seasons.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in two sites, at Koitta village in Sharuria upazila of Manikganj district and Chawk Sikandar village in Gabtoli upazila of Bogra district. The dominant cropping pattern in the study area was boro - aman rice. The study was conducted in the boro-arnan pattern in successive six seasons starting from the 1999 boro to 2001 aman season. In total, nine farmers' rice fields were selected across the two sites. Rice was grown using conventional methods in five fields and four with ecological methods. In the latter system, no inputs of inorganic fertilizers or pesticides were applied. Arthropods in each of the selected fields were sampled 3-4 times during each season starting from about 3-weeks after transplanting at about 2-3 week intervals. A Rice-vac suction sampling machine developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was used for sampling. A 40 cm (diam) circular enclosure made of galvanized iron and nylon mesh fitted at the top was used to encircle rice plants before, collection of arthropods by the Rice-vac. On each occasion two randomly selected rice hills were enclosed and all the arthropods from the plants and water were sucked by the machine. Two such units made one sample and five samples were collected along the two diagonals of each field. Arthropod samples were preserved in vials with 75% ethyl alcohol and with the necessary labels. In addition, arthropods were also sampled by using a 30-cm diam sweepnet (10 double strokes) along the diagonals of each field. Identification of the preserved samples was done in the entomology laboratory of BRRI at Gazipur, At first, samples were cleaned - arthropods were separated from plant, soil and other materials under a stereo-binocular microscope (Model-Wild M3 Heerbrugg). Arthropods were then identified to species level using various keys. Most of the identified materials were checked and verified by arthropod taxonomists of IRRI (Philippines), CABI-BioScience and Natural History Museum at London. A few samples could not be identified to genus level thus quoted a. sub-family or just as genus under the family. Based on the available literature and experiences, the ho t of most of the arthropods was determined, The identified and preserved samples were kept in the entomology laboratory of BRRI at Gazipur as a reference collection.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Entomol. 13(2):1-25 (2003).

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

An updated list of arthropods in rice ecosystem has been published which could used as a reference collection and list for further research.

Knowledge Management: Journal