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Genetic Diversity Analysis in Spring Wheat (triricum Aestivum L.)

M. F. AMIN
Scientific Officer
Regional Wheat Research Centre (RWRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

M. HASAN
Associate Professor
Department of Genetics andPlant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

N. C. D. BARMA
Chief Scientific Officer
RWRC, BARI, Gazipur

M. G. RASUL
Professor
Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BSMRAU, Gazipur

M. M. RAHMAN
Professor
Dept. of Horticulture, BSMRAU, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic divergences of 50 wheat lines were studied through Mohalanobis’s D² and principal component analysis for fourteen characters. Genotypes were grouped into four different clusters. Cluster II comprised maximum number of genotypes (twenty one) followed by cluster IV. The inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters I and III (12.29) indicating wide genetic diversity between these two clusters followed by the distance between cluster I and cluster II (8.28), and cluster III and cluster IV (7.97). The minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster IV (4.193) followed by cluster I and cluster IV (4.339) and cluster II and cluster III (4.390) indicating that the genotypes of these clusters were genetically close. The intra cluster distance of all the four clusters was more or less low which indicated that the genotypes within the same cluster were closely related. The highest inter genotypic distance (0.9166) was observed between the genotypes G 40 and G 41and lowest (0.0993) between the genotypes G 22 and G 43. Among the characters, heading days, maturity days, plant height (cm), canopy temperature at vegetative stage, canopy temperature at grain filling stage, grain filling rate (g d^-1m^-2), 1000- grain weight (g), and grains spike^-1 contributed most for divergence in the studied genotypes. Cluster I had the highest mean for grain yield (4711.2 kg/ha), grain filling rate (17.5 g d^-1m^-2 ), chlorophyll content at anthesis, and plant height (93 cm). Crosses between I & III, I & II, and III & IV have greater chances to generate more heterotic F1s. Considering magnitude of genetic distance, contribution of different traits toward the total divergence, magnitude of cluster means for different traits and performance the genotypes G10, G 11, G12, G35, G40, G48 of cluster I, G7 of cluster II, G41, G5,and G3 of cluster III and G46, G21 of cluster IV may be considered as good parents for future hybridization program to produce high yielding genotypes.

Keywords: Wheat, Parents, Genetic divergence.

Location: Experimental field of Bangladesh agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-12-2010

End Date: 00-04-2011

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

This study will help to determine the extent of genetic diversity for different traits that are present in the currently available breeding materials to classify them into groups and to identify the appropriate germplasm. Results of this study will also help in designing future improvement program for the development of new varieties.

Methodology:

Fifty wheat genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental field of Bangladesh agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during first week of December 2010 to first week of April 2011. The experimental site was at 23.46 0 N latitude and 90.230 E longitude with an elevation of 8 meter from sea level. The experimental field was prepared thoroughly by ploughing with tractor followed by harrowing and removing the stubbles. The crop was fertilized with NPKS and B @ 100, 28, 40, 20, and 2.5 kg/ha, respectively, to ensure proper growth and development. The elements N, P, K, S and B were applied in the form of Urea, Triple Super Phosphate, Muriat of Potash, Gypsum and Boric acid, respectively. Two-thirds of urea and the entire quantity of other fertilizers were applied at final land preparation along with Furadon 3G @ 8 kg/ha (Anon., 2011). The rest one-third urea was topdressed at crown root initiation stage (17-21 days after sowing) following first irrigation. Data were collected on days to heading (DH), days to anthesis (DA), days to maturity (DM), grain filling period (days), grain filling rate (g/m²/d), plant height (PHT) in cm, chlorophyll content at anthesis in SPAD unit, canopy temperature (⁰C) at vegetative, anthesis and grain filling stage, spikelets/spike (no.), grains/spike (no.), 1000-grain weight (g), and grain yield/m 2 (g). Grain yield/m² of each genotype was converted into grain yield (kg/ha). Mean data of each character was subjected to multivariate analysis viz, principal Coordinate Analysis (PCO), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis, and Canonacil Variate Analysis using GENSTAT 513 (Mahalanobis, 1936; Digby et al., 1989).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 189-196, June 2014 ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The highest inter genotypic distance (0.9166) was observed between the genotypes G 40 and G 41 and lowest (0.0993) between the genotypes G 22 and G 43. Among the characters, heading days, maturity days, plant height (cm), canopy temperature at vegetative stage, canopy temperature at grain filling stage, grain filling rate (g d^-1m^-2), 1000- grain weight (g), and grains spike^-1 contributed most for divergence in the studied genotypes. Cluster I had the highest mean for grain yield (4711.2 kg/ha), grain filling rate (17.5 g d^-1m ^-2), chlorophyll content at anthesis, and plant height (93 cm).

Knowledge Management: Journal