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Screening of Carrier Materials to Formulate Trichoderma Harzianum Based Bio-fungicide Against Foot and Root Rot Disease of Tomato (lycopersicon Esculentum L.)

M. I. FARUK
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

M. L. RAHMAN
Training & Communication Wing, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. M. H. MUSTAFA
Deputy Director, Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB), Dhaka

M. M. RAHMAN
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

M. A. RAHMAN
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Eight different organic matters were tested for their suitability as carrier materials to prepare Trichoderma harzianum based bio-fungicides for controlling foot and root rot disease of tomato caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Four independent experiments were conducted and found that the carrier materials used singly or in combinations were suitable to prepare the bio-fungicides. Mixed use of carrier materials gave better results as compared to single ones. When wheat bran + rice bran, wheat bran + MOC+ rice bran, grasspea bran + rice bran, and grasspea bran +MOC+ rice bran were used as carrier materials. T. harzianum based bio- fungicides reduced seedling mortality of tomato by 20.33, 19.33, 24.33, and 19.34%, respectively. Treatment of soil with those biofungicides previously infested with S. rolfsii caused considerable increased in shoot and root growth of tomato. Based on the findings of investigation, the above mentioned carrier materials might be used to prepare T. harzianum based bio-fungicides.

Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Tomato seedling, Biofungicide.

Location: Net-house of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

An investigation was conducted to screen eight organic materials available in Bangladesh as carrier materials for preparation of T. harzianum based bio-fungicides effective against S. rolfsii causing seedling mortality of tomato.

Methodology:

Screening of carrier materials for T. harzianum bio-fungicides in plastic tray: The experiment was conducted in plastic tray to screen out the suitable substrates to formulate the T. harzianum based bio-fungicide against the tomato seedling mortality caused by S. rolfsii. The experiment was conducted in the net-house of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur in the year of 2009-10. A pure culture of bio-control agent T. harzianum (TM7) was used in the experiment. The fungus T. harzianum (TM7) was grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, which was used as inoculum of bio-fungicide. The substrates used in this study were rice husk, rice bran, wheat bran, maize bran, grasspea bran, soybean bran, and saw dust. Six hundred g of each substrate materials was mixed thoroughly in the plastic tray and then transferred to four 1000 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The flask with substrate materials were sterilized in an autoclave at 121⁰C for 15 minutes and cooled down to make it ready for inoculation. The sterilized substrate was inoculated with 5 mm diameter mycelial disc of 5-day old culture of T. harzianum grown on PDA and then incubated at room temperature (25±2 ⁰C) for 15 days. After incubation, the colonized substrates were removed from the flasks and air dried and finally preserved in refrigerator at 10⁰C for future use. Besides, the pathogenic fungi S. rolfsii was multiplied on sterilized barley grains in 1000 ml Erlenmeyer flask at temperature of 25±2⁰C for 15 days. The plastic trays were filled with sterilized soil @ 4 kg/tray. In this experiment, both pathogenic fungus S. rolfsii and T. harzianum based bio-fungicide were used @ 20 g/kg soil each and seeds of BARI Tomato-2 (Raton) were sown in the tray soil @100 seeds per tray. The tray experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications. Data were collected on percent emergence and mortality of tomato seedlings. Efficacy of carrier material based T. harzianum bio-fungicides in seed bed: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the different carrier materials to formulate the T. harzianum based bio-fungicides against foot and root rot disease of tomato caused by S. rolfsii in seed bed under net house condition. In this seed bed experiment, the colonized barley grains with S. rolfsii were incorporated in the seed bed soils @100 g/m² soil. Inoculated seed bed soil (one meter square) was allowed to multiply the pathogen S. rolfsii for 10 days with proper soil moisture. From plastic tray experiment, the effective four substrates viz., rice bran, wheat bran, maize bran, and grasspea bran were selected to formulate T. harzianum based bio-fungicide. The chemical fungicide Provax was used as seed treatment for comparison. The inoculums of T. harzianum, colonized on these substrates, were incorporated in the seed bed soils @100 g/m² soil and kept for 7 days with proper soil moisture for establishment of T. harzianum in the soils. The seeds of BARI Tomato-2 (Raton) were sown in the seed bed @ 200 seeds per seed bed. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Data were collected on percent seedling emergence, seedling mortality, shoot height, shoot weight, root length, and root weight of tomato seedlings. The percent data were converted into arcsine transformation values before statistical analysis. Data were analyzed statistically by using the MSTATC program. The treatment effects were compared by applying the least significant different (LSD) test. Efficacy of mixed carrier material of T. harzianum based bio-fungicides: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effect of T. harzianum bio-fungicides in seed bed under net house condition. In this seed bed experiments, the colonized barley grains were incorporated in the seed bed soils @100 g/m² soil. Inoculated seed bed soil was allowed to multiply the pathogen S. rolfsii for 10 days with proper soil moisture. Three substrates viz., rice bran, wheat bran, grasspea bran and their combination (with equal proportion) with mustard oilcake were used. The inoculum of T. harzianum, colonized on different substrates were incorporated in the seed bed soils @ 100 g/m² soil and kept for 7 days with proper soil moisture for establishment of T. harzianum in the soils. The seeds of BARI Tomato-2 (Raton) were sown in the seed bed @ 200 seeds per seed bed. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Data were collected on percent seedling emergence, seedling mortality, shoot height, shoot weight, root length, and root weight of tomato seedlings. The percent data were converted into arcsine transformation values before statistical analysis. Data were analyzed statistically by using the MSTATC program. The treatment effects were compared by applying the least significant different (LSD) test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 197-209, June 2014 ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Mixed use of carrier materials gave better results as compared to single ones. When wheat bran + rice bran, wheat bran + MOC+ rice bran, grasspea bran + rice bran, and grasspea bran +MOC+ rice bran were used as carrier materials. T. harzianum based bio- fungicides reduced seedling mortality of tomato by 20.33, 19.33, 24.33, and 19.34%, respectively. Treatment of soil with those biofungicides previously infested with S. rolfsii caused considerable increased in shoot and root growth of tomato. Based on the findings of investigation, the above mentioned carrier materials might be used to prepare T. harzianum based bio-fungicides.

Knowledge Management: Journal