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Impact of Shifting of Land Under Cereal Crops to Jujube Cultivation in Selected Areas of Bangladesh

S. KHANDOKER
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

M. A. MONAYEM MIAH
Agricultural Economics Division, BARI, Gazipur,

M. KHATUN
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

MOHAMMAD SHAMSUL HOQ
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

NANDA DULAL KUNDU
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Rahamatpur, BARI, Barisal, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Area shift in favour of fruits has been suggested as a viable option to stabilize and raise farm income, enhance agricultural growth, and increase employment opportunities. Studies on micro-level decision taking for area shift in favour of fruits are very scanty. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the socioeconomic status of jujube farmers, relative profitability of jujube cultivation, and factors influencing the shifting lands from cereal to jujube cultivation. The study was conducted in three districts, namely Pabna, Natore and Chapai Nababgonj during 2012-13. A total of 180 farmers taking 60 from each district were selected randomly for the study. The per hectare costs of jujube cultivation were Tk. 2,77,232 in the 1st year; Tk. 2,27,925 in the 2nd year; and Tk. 1,90,217 in the 3rd year. The average yields of jujube were found highest in the 3rd year (15.54 t/ha) followed by 2nd year (9.96 t/ha). Per hectare net returns from jujube cultivation were Tk. 1,45,978 in the 2nd year and Tk 3,45,720 in the 3rd year. The total cost of jujube cultivation was around 50% higher than the costs incurred for different cropping patterns. The net return of jujube cultivation was 57% higher compared to different cropping patterns. The shifting of cereal lands to jujube cultivation was reported to be a profitable enterprise as indicated by higher BCR (1.47), net present value (Tk. 2,31,791), and internal rate of return IRR (94%) of jujube cultivation. Relative income and education turned out to be positively significant, whereas age and food crop requirements at home negatively significant for shifting decision from cereal crops to jujube cultivation. Disease and insect infestation, lack of training facilities, and lack of access to credit were the major constraints for jujube cultivation. Jujube cultivation may be encouraged from state authority to increase farmers? income.

Keywords: Shifting land, Cereal crops, Jujube, Relative profitability, and Net returns.

Location: Pabna, Natore, and Chapai Nawabganj

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-03-2013

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Trend analysis

Objectives:

i. to assess the socio-economic profile of jujube cultivating farmers; ii. to estimate the relative profitability of jujube cultivation; iii. to identify the factors influencing the shift of land under cereal crops to jujube cultivation, and iv. to find out the constraints of jujube cultivation at farm level.

Methodology:

Sampling procedure and sample size: A two stage stratified random sampling design was followed to select sample farmers for this study. At first, three districts were selected according to highest concentration. The selected districts were Pabna, Natore, and Chapai Nawabganj. Then one upazila from each district and two blocks from each upazila were selected according to the above mentioned criteria. Ishurdi upazila from Pabna district, Baraigram upazila from Natore district and Gomastapur upazila from Chapai Nawabganj district were selected. Because of common heterogeneity among agricultural household populations, it is necessary to undertake population stratification (Nyariki, 2009). To create relatively homogeneous groups, the population was classified into three categories 1st year, 2nd year, and 3rd year, garden. After this, an equal number of samples were randomly drown from each group or stratum. A total of 180 farmers out of which 60 from each district were selected by using simple random sampling technique for interview. 2.2 Method of data collection and period of study The study was mainly based on primary data collected through interviewing the farmers during January to March 2013. Field investigators under the direct supervision of the researcher collected field level cross-sectional data using pretested interview schedule. All the required information was collected based on input costs, price, yields, etc. 2.3 Analytical techniques Collected data were edited, summarized, tabulated, and analyzed to fulfill the objectives of the study. Descriptive statistics using different statistical tools like averages, percentages and ratios were used in presenting the results of the study. The profitability of jujube production was examined on the basis of gross return, gross margin, and benefit cost analysis. Besides, the opportunity cost of family supplied labour was taken into consideration in estimating total cost. Land use cost was calculated on the basis of per year lease value of land. Project analysis was also done using the following equations. Functional analysis: The regression model was used to assess the factors affecting the extent of substitution by the farmers, while considering both the economic and non-economic factors as explanatory variables. The relative price and relative income were used as explanatory variables to test whether farmers cared for only price or also the income (included price and yield) in their crop substitution decisions. Relative price and relative income were measured by comparing the prices and income of jujube with the cereal crops.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 243-262, June 2014 ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study assessed that the profitability of jujube cultivation in comparison of cereal crops cultivation in the study areas. Although jujube cultivation involves higher cost, it received the higher net return as well as BCR compared to other crops. This is the main reason behind farmers? interest in shifting land from cereal crops to jujube. The rate of returns (i.e., BCR, NPV, and IRR) indicated that jujube cultivation is highly profitable for the farmers. Besides, farmer?s attitudes toward area substitution for jujube seemed to be very positive. Most of the farmers opined in favour of increasing increase their land for jujube cultivation in the following year instead of cereal crops. Although jujube is a profitable crop in the study areas, due to some setbacks, few farmers have showed negative attitudes toward its production. They have experienced different constraints to its cultivation, such as diseases and insect infestation, lack of training facilities, lack of access to credit and lack of transport facilities. Jujube cultivation also has positive impact to household income, livelihood pattern, and food security. Farmers in the study areas reported various sources from which they were motivated to jujube cultivation instead of cereal crops. Among them, neighboring farmers were opined to be as an important source. This study also finds out the factors that influence farmer?s decision to shift from cereal crops to jujube cultivation. Income and education had positive effect, whereas age and food crop requirement at home have negative effect to substitute their land from cereal crops to jujube cultivation.

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