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Effect of Stem Borer Damage at Vegetative Stage on Grain Yield of Rice in Aus Season

M. Hasan
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Z. Islam
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Z. Alam
Department Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

M. M. Rahman
Department Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

S.S. Parul
Training Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was carried out at experimental station of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) at Gazipur, Bangladesh during Aus (summer rice) season of 2000. BR26, a cultivar of 115 days duration was used as test variety. The objective of the study was to get a better understanding of yield losses caused by Yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), influence of the damage observed at growing stage of rice plant, its mechanism and extent of plant recovery caused by this chronic pest. Deadhearts (DH), developed due to the feeding of the YSB larvae cause plants to suffer from yield losses. Plants compensate this loss to some extent by different mechanisms at different growth stages of the plant. However, this is not always true. The extent of compensation might vary with cultivar, growth duration and even with seasons. Impact of DHs on the yield and yield components of BR26, a Aus rice variety, was profound. Almost all of the yield components were found affected. A low level of infestation, as low as10% affected the yield of BR26. The findings of Aus season indicate that the compensation to DH damage for BR26 is not granted.

Keywords: Insect pest, Yield less, Rice

Location: Experimental station of BRRI at Gazipur

Start Date: 00-02-2006

End Date: 00-05-2006

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

1. To determine yield loss due to stem borer damage at vegetative stage, 2. To determine compensation mechanisms and quantify extent of compensation by rice hills, and 3. To determine relationship between levels of stem borer damage and grain yields.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the experimental station of BRRI at Gazipur during Aus (summer rice) season of 2000with a Aus cultivar of 115 days duration, BR26 as test variety. The experiment was carried out under irrigated condition. Crop establishment and management: The Crop was established in three 4 x 5 m plots by transplanting 28-day old seedlings at 20 x 20 cm spacing and 2-3 seedlings per hill. Chemical fertilizers were used at the rate of 180, 100, 70, 60- and 10 kg/ha of Urea, TSP, MP, Gypsum and Zinc sulphate, respectively, as recommended for Aus season. All fertilizers, except urea, were applied as basal and urea was administered in 3 equal splits at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT). All other standard agronomic practices were adopted. The field was left open for natural infestation of Yellow stem borer. Data collection: At 45 DAT, all rice hills in 2 plots were checked and hills having stem borer infestation, manifested by the development of DH symptom, were marked. Healthy and tillers with DHs of all the marked hills were counted. Tillers with at least 3 leaves were taken in to consideration. Based on the growth stages tillers were grouped into two types viz., effective (matured and well formed tillers), small tillers (with at least 3-4 leaves). No differentiation was made on their origin – that is whether they were primary, secondary or tertiary in origin. These small tillers were marked by tagging with a piece of red thread to differentiate them from the tillers developed later, if any, which were designated as new tillers at harvest. These two groups of small and new tillers were grouped as ineffective tillers. Data analysis: In total, 265 marked hills with and without stem borer damage (DH) were harvested. Any hill encountered with any kind of damage caused by other than stem borers were discarded. Data of healthy and stem borer damaged hills were taken into consideration for analysis. Depending on the level of DHs (stem borer damaged stems) borer damaged rice hills were grouped into six categories

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 2 (1):199-204, 2009; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All the rice stem borer species cause more or less similar damage to the rice plant at their larval stage. Larval feeding damage at the vegetative stage often lead to the death of central leaf-whorl which is known as deadheart (DH) and feeding at the reproductive stages lead to the formation of empty and white-coloured panicle that is known as whitehead (WH). The damage inflicted by the stem borers cause plants to suffer from yield losses. Plants compensate this loss to some extent by different mechanisms at different growth stages of the plant. However, this is not always true. The extent of compensation might vary with cultivar, growth duration and even with seasons. The impact of DH on the yield and yield components of BR26, a Aus rice variety, was profound. Stemborer damage occurred at the vegetative stage of BR26 affected negatively all the yield components and hence the yield of the variety. Low infestation of stemborer, as low as 10% DH, affected the yield noticeably. The findings of Aus season indicate that the compensation to DH damage for BR26 is not granted.

Knowledge Management: Journal