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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Elevated Co2 on Dry Matter Production and Yield of Rice Cultivars

M. A. RAZZAQUE
Scientific Officer
Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Rahmatpur, Barisal.

M. M. HAQUE
Agronomy Division, BSMRAU, Gazipur.

M. A. HAMID
Professor
Agronomy Division, BSMRAU, Gazipur.

Q. A. KHALIQ
Professor
Agronomy Division, BSMRAU, Gazipur.

A. R. M. SOLAIMAN
Professor
Soil Science Division, BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during the year 2003 to find out the dry matter production and yield of rice cultivars under different nitrogen levels and growing conditions. Thirty-day old single seedlings were transplanted in pot and were placed in 3 growing conditions, such as i) Open top chamber (OTC) with elevated CO₂(570 ± 50 ppm), ii) OTC with ambient CO₂ (360 ± 50 ppm), and iii) open field condition. The three nitrogen levels used were, i) control, ii) optimum dose, and iii) supra optimum dose. Three rice cultivars used in the experiment were, i) BRRI dhan 39, ii) Khashkani, and iii) Shakkarkhora. Rice yield and dry matter production respond significantly to different environments. Increasing atmospheric CO₂ increased grain yield. Stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf sheath dry weight and root dry weight were increased in elevated CO₂ than ambient CO₂ and field condition. BRRI dhan39 gave highest yield (50.82 g/plant) at supra optimum N level in elevated CO₂. Local variety gave similar result under elevated CO₂ in optimum and supra optimum N levels. The lowest yield (15.09 g/plant) was produced by Shakkorkhora in field condition with no nitrogen application.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Elevated CO2, Yield and dry matter

Location: Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-07-2003

End Date: 00-12-2003

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To determine the effect of higher nitrogen fertilizer under elevated C0₂, which increases dry weight of rice plant as a result, increased yield of rice cultivars.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was conducted at Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the rainy season from July to December 2003. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized block design with three replications. Three rice varieties were grown with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer under three CO₂ conditions. The rice varieties were BRRI dhan39 (modern), Khaskani (local), and Shakkorkhora (local). Three levels of nitrogen fertilizer were optimum dose, supra optimum dose, and control (without N application). Optimum dose for modern variety was 90 kg N/ha and for local 60 kg N/ha (BARC, 1997). Supra optimum dose for modern and local variety was 135 kg N/ha and 90 kg N/ha, respectively, which was 1.5 times higher than their optimum dose. Crop growing conditions with CO₂ were elevated CO₂, ambient CO₂, and open field. Crop under the ‘elevated CO₂’ was grown in open top chamber (OTC) at a CO₂ concentration of 570 ± 50 ppm, while the ‘ambient CO₂ treatment was maintained at the ambient CO₂ concentration of ~360 ppm in OTC. The ‘open’ treatment consisted of crops grown under open field condition at ambient CO₂ concentration. Construction procedure of OTC was followed according to Uprety (1998) (Photo graph enclosed). The rice plants were grown in plastic pots containing approximately 12 kg clayed soil. The treatments were replicated thrice and each pot had one seedling. Thirty-day old seedlings of each variety were planted on 2 August 2003. Modem variety was harvested on 14 November 2003 and local variety Khaskani harvested on 4 December and Shakkorkhora was harvested on 10 December. A blanket dose of 20 kg P, 60 kg K, 20 kg S, and 3.5 kg Zn were applied prior to transplanting, while nitrogen was applied in three installments at 4, 21, and 52 days after transplanting. Cultural practices, such as weeding, irrigation, and application of pesticide were done as and when necessary. Standing water of 2 cm above the soil was maintained until the crops attained hard dough stage. After harvesting, the plants were segmented into leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem, and panicle. The components were kept in brown paper envelope and dried in oven at 70 °C for 72 hours and dry weight were recorded. Roots were washed on net very carefully so that no rootlets are lost during washing. The roots were sun dried and these were kept in brown paper envelope and dried at 70⁰C for 72 hours for constant weight. The data were analyzed by partitioning the total variance with the help of computer using MSTAT-C programme. The treatment means were computed by using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2) : 313-322, June 2009, ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the experiment, it can be concluded that the rising CO₂ and higher nitrogen both increase dry matter production which also trans locates dry matter from plants to grain and also increased grain yield of rice cultivars. Modern variety (BRRI dhan39) highly responded under higher CO₂ and higher nitrogen level.

Knowledge Management: Journal