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Biodiesel Production from Non-edible Mahogany Seed Oil by Dual Step Process and Study of Its Oxidation Stability

S. M. S. Rana
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Bangladesh.

M. S. Jamal
Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. Hossain
Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

S. M. A. Sujan
Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

S. Poddar
Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. A. Haque
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Biodiesel derived from non edible sources is a potential eco-friendly substitute to petroleum fuel. Acid-catalysed esterification was applied to reduce free fatty acid (FFA) content of oil to zero followed by base-catalyzed transesterification to convert esterified product to its mono-esters and glycerol. The major factors affecting the conversion efficiency of these two processes such as amounts of solvent and catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time were optimized. The physical properties and heating value of Mahogany Seed Oil (MSO) and MSO diesel are evaluated and compared with that of commercial diesel. FTIR and 1H NMR spectrum of MSO and MSO biodiesel confirmed the conversion of MSO to biodiesel. The oxidation stability of MSO biodiesel oil was also studied. The study affirms the production of biodiesel from MSO as a renewable alternative to the diesel fuel.

Keywords: Biodiesel, Mahogany seed oil, Free Fatty Acid, Trans-esterification, Anti-oxidant

Location: Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

1. The objective of this research work was to optimize the reaction condition for the production of biodiesel from mahogany seeds oil and study the oxidation stability of produced biodiesel.

Methodology:

Materials - Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seeds were used as raw material to produce biodiesel. The seeds were collected from Pirojpur and Jamalpur districts of Bangladesh. 99.8% Methanol was used in esterification and trans-esterification. NaOH and H₂SO₄ used as catalyst were purchased from Active Fine Chemicals Ltd., Bangladesh. AR grade solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, and n-hexane were used. Extraction of oil - Crude MSO was extracted from Mahogany seeds (80 gm) by Soxhlet extraction for 30 minutes, using n-hexane as solvent. The Mahogany seeds were taken in the tube shaped filter paper which was placed into the Soxhlet with the powder of seeds and hot extraction of oil was done. Solvent extraction process used to extract the oil from Mahogany seeds. A commonly used solvent, n- hexane was used to carry out the experiment. About 52.08% oil can be extracted from Mahogany seeds.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(2), 77-86, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In this research work, by solvent extraction 52% oil was extracted from Mahogany seed. By comparing with other non-edible sources, the oil content is high. The FFA content of MSO is 3% which makes the pretreatment process easier for the reduction of acid value. The optimum conditions for transesterification reaction were oil to methanol and oil to catalyst (NaOH) of 10:5 and 10:0.09 respectively; reaction time of 90 min at a temperature of 60 °C with moderate stirring. About 89-97% biodiesel was seen to produce in these conditions. The physic-chemical properties of MSO biodiesel are comparable with that of standard diesel and biodiesel. The conversion of MSO to MSO biodiesel was confirmed by 1H NMR spectrum, TGA and FTIR analysis. Elemental analysis shows the absence of sulfur and nitrogen which indicates eco-friendly biodiesel. TBHQ at 1000 ppm has shown the highest induction time of 16.49 hr at 110 °C. This study indicates that MSO is a potential source of biodiesel.

Knowledge Management: Journal