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Performance of Improved Aman Rice Varieties in the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Ruhul Amin Sarker
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur

Dr. Md. Abdus Salam
Principal scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur

Nirmal Sharma
Senior scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur

Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam
Scientist
Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines

Dr. Manoranjan Mandal
Scientist
International Rice Research Institute Los Banos, Philippines

Dr. G. B. Gregorio
Senior Scientist
Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines

Dr. E. Humphreys
Senior Scientist
International Rice Research Institute Los Banos, Philippines

Dr. T.P. Tuong
Consultant
International Rice Research Institute Los Banos, Philippines

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

At the low salinity site, the optimum seeding date for most varieties was late June to mid July, and yield declined with a delay in sowing to early August. With sowing at the optimum time, BRRI dhan52 and BR11-Saltol (5.3-6.0 t/ha) were the most consistent and highest yielding varieties, followed by BRRI dhan51 (4.8 to 5.4 t/ha). The highest yielding varieties had a duration of 130-146 d for the late June and mid July sowings, meaning that they would reach maturity in mid to late November. Given that the optimum sowing date for boro crops in the region is mid November to mid December, the highest yielding varieties would be suitable for use in high yielding aman-boro cropping systems. However, their maturity is too late for aman-rabi systems in which the rabi crops should be sown in early December for maximum yield. The highest yielding aman varieties with short enough maturity for a high yielding aman-rabi system were BRRI dhan53 (~123 d, 4.7-5.1 t/ha) and BRRI dhan33 (110-120 d, 4.2-4.7 t/ha) for sowings on 24 June and 15 July.

At the medium salinity site, there was little effect of sowing date on yield, in contrast with the low salinity site. The most consistent higher yielding varieties across years and sowing dates were BR11-Saltol (4.3-5.8 t/ha), BRRI dhan54 (4.1-5.8 t/ha) and BRRI dhan52 (4.1-6.0 t/ha). The duration of BR11-Saltol and BRRI dhan52 was suitable for intensification to aman-boro. BR11-Saltol and BRRI dhan52 would also be suitable for aman-rabi systems provided that the aman crops were sown early (late June). Yields of the shorter duration varieties most suited to aman-rabi systems (BBRI dhan53 and 57 and BINAdhan-8) were more variable across years and sowing dates, with yields ranging from 3.1 to 6.3 t/ha. For the 24 June and 15 July sowing dates, yields were generally lower at the medium salinity site than at the low salinity site. This was particularly so for the long duration varieties (BR23 and BRRI dhan41), with yields in polder 30 at 73-80% of those in polder 43/2F. Yield of BINAdhan-8, a salt tolerant variety, was similar at both sites for 24 June sowing (4.6-4.7 t/ha) and 15 July sowings (4.7-5.0 t/ha). However, the other salt tolerant varieties generally performed better at Bazar Khali than at Kismat Fultola. The results demonstrate the great potential for increasing rice production in the coastal zone in the aman season by adoption of improved varieties. However, their earlier maturity meant that the crops were vulnerable to attack by rats and birds as the surrounding crops matured much later. Thus the adoption of improved varieties requires a synchronized community approach.

Keywords: Salinity, Polder, Synchronized, Community based approach

Location: BRRI, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To identify improved varieties suitable for coastal region.

Methodology:

Ten to eleven modern HYV and advanced lines were evaluated and compared with the popular local variety at each site , for three sowing dates. The trial for each sowing date was in a separate block. There were three replicates in a randomized complete block design within each sowing date. Individual plot size was 25 m² in the first replicate and 12.5 m² in the second and third replicates. Several HYV were in common to both sites, however, some varieties were selected based on preferred grain type (bolder grain types preferred in Amtali, more slender types in Batiaghata). There was greater inclusion of salt tolerant varieties at Batiaghata where soil salinity is higher. The local check was Morichsail at Hatbati, Kumri at Kismat Fultola, and Sadamota at Bazarkhali. There were three target seeding dates at 21 d intervals at each location (24 June, 15 July, 6 August), but this was not always possible. The seedling nurseries for the second and third sowings at Hatbati were destroyed by flooding as a result of heavy rain in 2011. Pre-germinated seeds were sown at 16-20 kg/ha on the seed bed and urea was applied at 30 kg N/ha. Land preparation involved three to four passes (cross ploughing) in wet soil using a power tiller powered by a two wheel tractor, followed by leveling using a ladder. Before land leveling, fertilizer was broadcast at 11:42:18:3.6 kg of P:K:S:Zn per hectare in the forms of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, and zinc sulphate (BRRI 2013). Urea was broadcast at 70 kg N/ha in three equal installments: 7-10 d after transplanting (DAT), 4-5 tiller stage, and 5-7 day before panicle initiation. Twenty-one day-old seedlings were transplanted, except for the only sowing at Hatbati in 2011, and the second sowing at Bazarkhali in 2012 when transplanting was delayed by 4 and 8 d, respectively, because the water was too deep on the target date. The seedlings in the nursery for the third sowing in 2012 at Bazarkhali were partly damaged due to submergence and there were only sufficient viable seedlings to transplant two replicates. Two-three seedlings per hill were transplanted with 20 cm x 15 cm geometry in all experiments. Hand weeding was done three times, prior to each topdressing with urea. Disease and insect pests were always well-controlled using recommended practice (BRRI 2013). Early maturing varieties of the first sowing were severely damaged by rats at both sites in 2011 and at Bazarkhali in 2012, after which a plastic rat barrier was installed. Bird nets were also installed over the experimental field prior to grain filling to protect the crops from bird damage. These protection measures were needed due to the earlier maturity of most of the varieties in comparison with the farmers’ varieties in surrounding fields. Growth duration was calculated as the number of days from soaking of the seeds to physiological maturity (PM). Physiological maturity was taken as the time when 80% of the grains were hard or translucent. Grain yield was determined in a 5.1 m x 2 m area in the middle of each plot, moisture content was determined using a grain moisture meter, and yield was adjusted to 14% moisture content.

Source of Information: Conferance proceding: Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone: Tuning Science into Polycicy and practices

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

BRRI dhan44, BRRI dhan52, BRRI dhan53, BRRI dhan54, BR11-Saltol are the most suitable aman varieties in low and medium saline coastal zone, and produced at least 50% higher yield than the popular local varieties when sown in mid-July.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings