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Efficacy Study of Bio-typhoid® Vaccine Against Fowl Typhoid in Backyard Layer Chicken

M. Z. Uddin
MS Fellow
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was performed with a view to isolate and identify a virulent strain of S. gallinarum and determine the purity, safety and efficacy of BIO-TYPHOID® vaccine. A total of 40 backyard layer chicken were used for this study where Group A was used for experimental vaccination, Group B kept as control and Group C was used for calculating virulent S. gallinarum challenge dose. Primary and secondary vaccination was carried out at 40 days and 110 days of age, respectively. Blood samples were collected to obtain the sera after vaccination from both vaccinated and unvaccinated control group and antibody titres were determined by Microplate agglutination test. The antibody titre increased in primary vaccination up to days 56 days post vaccination (DPV) and then decreased gradually. The highest antibody titre (Mean ± SE) 384.00 ± 42.67 was obtained at 91 DPV (21 days later of secondary vaccination) and maintained up to 98 DPV. Safety test was done by inoculating mice and purity test of the vaccine was done by inoculating on to Blood Agar media. The efficacy of BIO-TYPHOID® vaccine was recorded as 90% which was determined by challenge infection with 0.1 ml of 5x105 CFU virulent S. gallinarum. Results of this study revealed successful protections by BIO-TYPHOID® vaccine.

Keywords: Efficacy, Bio-tyohoid (R) vaccine,Fowl, Bacyard layer chicken

Location: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene , BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-01-2009

End Date: 31-12-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

To isolate and identify a virulent strain of S. gallinarum and determine the purity, safety and efficacy of BIO-TYPHOID® vaccine.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in the experimental animal sheds and laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU,Mymensingh-2202, from June 2008 to April 2009.The reagents used during the study were physiological saline solution, phosphate buffered saline which were prepared as per the procedure suggested by Siddique et al., (1997), 10% formalin, alcohol, sefranin, Salmonella Shigella (SS) agar media and selenite broth were also prepared as per the suggestion by Carter et al., (1979). A total of 40 backyard layer chicks were collected from the local market and healthy suckling day-old mice were used in this study. An inactivated FT vaccine BIO-TYPHOID® used in this experiment was imported and marketed by Advance Animal Science Company Limited. The vaccine was purchased from the local market and stored at 4-8ºC until use. The chickens (N=40) were divided into three groups. Group A (n=10) was used for experimental vaccination, group B (n=10) was maintained as unvaccinated control chicken and Group C consists of 20 chicken for calculating challenge dose. The chicken of group A were vaccinated with BIO-TYPHOID® FT vaccine, where 1st dose of vaccine was administered at 40 days of age and 2nd dose was administered at 110 days of age. To determine the antibody response against the vaccines, blood sample of the chicken were collected at every 7 days interval up to day 98 of 1st vaccination. Sera were prepared from blood samples following the method of Shah et al., (2001) to determine the antibody titres by microplate agglutination test. Efficacy of BIOTYPHOID ® vaccine on backyard layer chicken was determined by virulent challenge exposure of S. gallinarum. Estimation of Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and challenge dose was prepared by the method of Heddleston and Reisinger (1960) using various combination of CFU/ml of S. gallinarum bacteria. Purity test was performed by the inoculation of FT vaccine on to Blood Agar (BA) media and the safety test was carried out through mice inoculation.The serological analysis was conducted through slide agglutination and microplate agglutination test to determine the presence of specific antibody against S. gallinarum. Chicken of both vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups were subjected to challenge exposure by intravenous inoculation in the jugular vein and were observed frequently up to one to four weeks for any clinical signs and symptoms. The clinical findings of both vaccinated and unvaccinated chicken were observed and recorded every 6 hours intervals.The procedure of Matsumoto and Helfer (1977) was followed for the isolation of the bacteria after 15 days of challenge exposure

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 295–299, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 300000

Total Budget (Tk.) : 300000

Achievement/Findings:

The prevaccinated plate agglutination titre of sera samples of all the vaccinated and unvaccinated chicken were found with a mean value of ≤4±00.The highest antibody titres of group A (Mean ± SE) 384.00±42.67 was obtained on 91 DPV or 21 days after secondary vaccination, when the age of the chicken reached 131 days. The antibody titre increased in primary vaccination up to days 56 days post vaccination (DPV) and then decreased gradually. The highest antibody titre (Mean ± SE) 384.00 ± 42.67 was obtained at 91 DPV (21 days later of secondary vaccination) and maintained up to 98 DPV. Safety test was done by inoculating mice and purity test of the vaccine was done by inoculating on to Blood Agar media. The efficacy of BIO-TYPHOID® vaccine was recorded as 90% which was determined by challenge infection with 0.1 ml of 5x105 CFU virulent S. gallinarum. Results of this study revealed successful protections by BIO-TYPHOID® vaccine.

Knowledge Management: Journal