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Comparative Efficacy of Imported Fowl Pox Virus Vaccine with Locally Produced One in Backyard Chicks

M. R. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. S. R. Khan
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. E. H. Kayesh
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. R. Karim
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. O. Gani
Goat and Sheep Production Research Division, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

A. Kabir
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A total of 80 experimentally reared backyard chicks with the history of non-vaccinated parents to FPV vaccine were used for the determination of persistence of maternally derived antibody in chicks and to compare the efficacy of Poxine® and DLS-FPV vaccine in protecting the chicks. Chicks were divided into five groups namely group A, B, C, D and E where each group contained 15 chicks except group A contained 20 chicks which was also used to determine the persistence of maternally derived antibody (MDA). Birds of group B and C were vaccinated with DLS-FPV at day 22 and 18 respectively through wing web puncture (WWP), whereas group D and E were vaccinated with Poxine® at day 36 and 18 respectively. Sera were randomly collected from 10 chicks of each group at 7, 14 and 21 days of post vaccination for the determination of antibody titre using PHA test. Ten chickens from each group were challenged three weeks post vaccination with 10⁶ EID₅₀/0.1ml. “Take reaction” was recorded to assess the better immune response in different groups after vaccination. Birds of group B, C, D and E showed 100, 86.67, 93 and 86.67% “take reaction”, respectively. The highest Mean PHA titre was found 217.60 ± 19.55 in the chicks of group B. After challenge, the birds of group B and D showed 100% protection, whereas birds of group C and E showed 93.33% protection and control group showed no protection. From the results of PHA test it may be concluded that both Poxine® and DLS-FPV vaccines are equally suitable and the chicks of nonvaccinated origin might be vaccinated with DLS-FPV at day 18 or 22 and 36 in case of Poxine® fowl pox virus vaccine.

Keywords: Efficacy, Fowl pox virus vaccine, Backyard chicks

Location: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. September 2006 to May 2007.

Start Date: 00-09-2006

End Date: 00-05-2007

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Becteriocides

Objectives:

To compare the efficacy of Poxine® vaccine with Department of Livestock Services-Fowl pox virus vaccine (DLS-FPV vaccine) to recommend alternative FPV vaccine to user’s level and also to suggest the proper time of vaccination.

Methodology:

The study was conducted department of microbiology and hygiene, faculty of veterinary science, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during September 2006 to May 2007. The virulent FPV was revived from the laboratory repository following 12 passages in embryonated chicken eggs. The virus was propagated in 12 days old chicken embryo through chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) route and this isolated virus was used in PHA test and challenge test. Lyophilized FPV vaccine produced at Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Poxine®, a fowl pox virus vaccine imported by Novartis Bangladesh Limited were used for vaccination. Fertile eggs of chicken were purchased from the villages Sutiakhali, Vanghnamari Char and BAU Poultry Farm, Mymensingh and were used for hatching, isolation of FPV and determination of embryo infective dose fifty (EID50) of FPV. All the chicks were reared in a well-ventilated poultry shed of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh, providing feed and water ad libitum. For the determination of persistence of maternally derived antibody (MDA) titre, 20 chicks were used in group A and at the same time as unvaccinated control. Blood samples were collected at day 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31 and 34 of age of chicks for sera and antibody titre was determined by PHA test as per method described with some modifications of the method described. Remaining 60 chicks were divided into four groups namely B, C, D and E contained 15 chicks. Chicks of group B and C were vaccinated with DLS-FPV vaccine through wing web puncture (WWP) for once with the help of a bifurcated needle following usual and suggested schedule of vaccination at 22 and 18 days of age respectively. Similarly, chicks of group D and E were vaccinated with Poxine® FPV vaccine following usual and suggested schedule of vaccination at 36 and 18 days of age respectively. Blood was collected for sera on day 7, 14 and 21 of post vaccinations from randomly selected 10 birds of each vaccinated group and antibody titres were determined by PHA test to assess the efficacy of two vaccines. EID₅₀ of the isolated FP virus was determined according to the method described. Ten birds from all vaccinated groups including unvaccinated control group were challenged with 10₆ EID₅₀/0.1ml virulent FPV through wing web puncture (WWP) as described. After challenge exposure all the chicks were kept in separate shed and observed up to 10 days for the development of clinical signs and symptoms.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 23–26

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Birds of group B, C, D and E showed 100, 86.67, 93 and 86.67% “take reaction”, respectively. The highest Mean PHA titre was found 217.60 ± 19.55 in the chicks of group B. After challenge, the birds of group B and D showed 100% protection, whereas birds of group C and E showed 93.33% protection and control group showed no protection. From the results of PHA test it may be concluded that both Poxine® and DLS-FPV vaccines are equally suitable and the chicks of nonvaccinated origin might be vaccinated with DLS-FPV at day 18 or 22 and 36 in case of Poxine® fowl pox virus vaccine.

Knowledge Management: Journal