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Efficacy of Fungicides and Organic Oils to Control Powdery Mildew Disease of Jujube (ziziphus Mauritiana Lam.)

M. Z. HOQUE
Tuber Crops Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701,

A. M. AKANDA
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

M.I. H. MIAN
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

M. K. A. BHUIYAN
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Powdery mildew (Oidium erysiphoides f.sp. ziziphi) is the major disease of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) in Bangladesh. An experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of six fungicides, two organic oils, and a detergent against the disease. Tested fungicides were Tilt (Propiconazole) @ 0.05%, Folicur (Hexaconazole) @ 0.1%, Bavistin DF (Carbandazim) @ 0.2%, Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb) @ 0.3%, Thiovit 80 WG (Sulpher) @ 0.3%, and Cupravit (Copper) @ 0.3%, the oils were Mustard oil @ 0.5% and Neem oil 0.5%, and the Detergent (Trix) @ 0.5%. The materials were applied as foliar spray for seven times at an interval of 15 days. All of the fungicides and two oils gave significant decrease in severity of powdery mildew and increased fruit yield of Indian jujube irrespective of varieties, locations and over times. Among the treatments, Folicur, Tilt, Thiovit, and Dithane M-45 sprays were found effective than others. The severity index values on two jujube varieties were 3.89-4.50 at Mowna and 4.00-4.53 at Ishurdi in control treatment. The severity indices were reduced to 1.45-1.96 at Mowna and 1.33-2.07 at Ishurdi due to application of Tilt, Folicur, Thiovit, and Dithane M-45, which gave increase in fruit yield over control by 68.88, 63.69, 63.04, and 54.63% in Apple Kul and 83.25, 77.87, 77.39, and 70.36% in BAU Kul, respectively. Most of the treatments were able to reduce number of spotted fruits. The best effective fungicide was found to be Tilt followed by Folicur and Thiovit in reducing disease severity of powdery mildew as well as other fruit diseases like fruit spot and fruit rot and increase fruit yield of Indian jujube. Therefore, Tilt/Folicur may be recommended for jujube growers to control the powdery mildew disease in commercial orchard.

Keywords: Fungicides, Organic, Powdery mildew jujube.

Location: Jujube orchards of the farmers at Mawna, Gazipur and Ishurdi, Pabna

Start Date: 00-00-2007

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Jujube

Objectives:

The present study was, therefore, conducted to find out the effectiveness of foliar sprays with fungicides, organic oils, and detergent to control powdery mildew of jujube under Bangladesh conditions.

Methodology:

The fungicides tested in the experiment were Tilt 250 EC (Propiconazole) and Folicur 250 EC (Hexaconazole), Bavistin DF (Carbandazim), Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb), Thiovit 80 WG (Sulpher), and Cupravit (Copper oxychloride), the oils were mustard oil and neem oil, and the detergent was Trix. Folicur and Tilt were applied @ 0.05%, Bavistin @ 0.10%, Dithane M-45 @ 0.20%, Thiovit, and Cupravit @ 0.30%, and mustard oil, neem oil, and Trix were applied @ 0.50%. All of the materials were applied as foliar spray for seven times starting from 1 September with an interval of 15 days. Plain water spray served as untreated control. The experiment was conducted in established jujube orchards of the farmers at Mawna, Gazipur and Ishurdi, Pabna during consecutive years of 2007-08 and 2008-09. At each location, two orchards were selected. One of them was planted with variety BAU Kul and the other with variety Apple Kul, which is widely cultivated in Bangladesh. In the first year, the age of BAU Kul trees was one year and that of Apple Kul was two years. All cultural and intercultural operations were applied by the owners of the orchards. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each experimental unit was represented by two trees. Treatment means were separated by Truky’s Test. Severity of powdery mildew was indexed on a 0-5 subjective scale (Bakr et al., 2010) where, 0= No lesion, 1= Few lesions on small laterals and leaves, 2= Lesions on a number of laterals and leaves, 3= Lesions on a few fruits and main laterals and leaves, 4= Lesions on a number of fruits and some laterals and leaves blighted and 5= Entire inflorescence blighted without fruit set. Data on total number of fruits per plant, spotted fruits per plant, single fruit weight (g) and fruit yield (kg/plant) were also recorded. Fruit spot caused by other than Oidium like Colletotrichum, Alternaria, Fusarium, etc. also include in data on spotted fruits per plant. Percent reduction in disease severity and increase in yield over control were computed.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 659-672, December 2013, ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present experiment, mustard oil and neem oil were found to be an effective organic pesticide that reduce disease severity as well as increase fruit yield of jujube. Effectiveness of neem oil performed better than mustard oil and it was almost similar to fungicides.

Knowledge Management: Journal