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Toxic Response of Heteropneustes Fossilis (bloch) to Some Indigenous Plant Seed Extracts

MUNIRA NASIRUDDIN
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong- 4331, Bangladesh

ROZINA AKHTER
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong- 4331, Bangladesh

MONIKA RAHMAN
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong- 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Toxic responses of distilled water, 50% ethyl and absolute ethyl alcohol extracts of six indigenous plants, Datura innoxia (Mill), Clerodendrum viscosum (Vent), Amoora rohituka (Roxb) Wt. et. Arnott, Acacia auriculaeformis A. Cunn. ex. Benth., Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre and Acacia catechu Willd were studied on a predatory fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in laboratory conditions. Amongst the extracts the toxicity range varied, absolute ethyl alcohol extract of A. rohituka seeds being the most toxic (LC₅₀ = 8.67 ppm) whilst distilled water extract of D. innoxia seeds was the least toxic (LC₅₀ = 1950.03 ppm). On the basis of LC₅₀ and relative potency values the relative toxicity of the six plants was in the order- A. rohituka > C. viscosum > P. pinnata > A. auriculaeformis > A. catechu > D. innoxia seed extracts. These six indigenous plant seed extracts assayed might be helpful as controlling agent of undesirable fishes in fish culture ponds.

Keywords: Toxicity, Plant toxins, Behaviour, Mortality, H. fossilis

Location: Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

1. The present study is also concerned with the comparative assaying of extracts of six indigenous plant seeds i.e. Datura innoxia (Mill), Clerodendrum viscosum (Vent), Amoora rohituka (Roxb) Wt. et. Arnott, Acacia auriculaeformis A. Cunn. ex Benth, Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre and Acacia catechu Willd on a predatory fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).

Methodology:

Toxic effects of the plant extracts of six indigenous plant seeds of D. innoxia (Sada dhutra), C. viscosum (Vat), A. rohituka (Pitraj), A. auricalaeformis (Akashmoni), P. pinnata (Karinja) and A. catechu (Khair) were determined on H. fossilis. Every set of predatory fishes (n = 60) were collected from city markets of Chittagong city. In the laboratory the fishes were stocked in glass aquarium (60x30x30 cm) containing tap water and were acclimatized for 4-5 hours. Active and healthy fishes were used for the experiments. The average total length and weight of the fishes were 12.50±0.21 cm and 8.69±0.97 g respectively. Dry seeds were weighed in a semi automatic table balance and finely grinded in a grinder. Ten g of seed powder was mixed in 100 ml of either of distilled water, 50% ethyl or absolute ethyl alcohol solvents in a conical flask which was shaken vigorously in a magnetic stirrer for 4-5 hours to allow maximum extraction of the toxic components. The extract was filtered through fine muslin cloth and the filtrate was the stock solution prepared on the day of the experiment. The different test concentrations recorded in terms of ppm were calculated from the stock solution by dilution such that the total volume in the aquarium was five liters in each of the replicates. Each final experiment was performed in the laboratory to determine 10-90% mortality in the liquid seed extracts of the six plants against H. fossilis. Five concentrations of each extract were bioassayed, each concentration was replicated twice and the test fishes were kept for 24 h. test exposure period. In each experiment a control set was similarly maintained. After the release of the fishes behaviour pattern in the highest concentrations was observed. Mortality was counted on those fishes which were killed within 24 h of exposure at various concentrations of the toxicants. Mortality data were subjected to probit analysis which was used to determine LC₅₀ values of each extract upon the fishes. The values of chi-square were compared with tables of statistics for n-1 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. Analysis of variance of percentage mortality of fishes was made to estimate the variation among treatments at 0.01 level of significance. Relative potency of the equitoxic toxicants was calculated by taking the highest LC₅₀ value of a toxicant as unit and comparing the respective LC₅₀ values of the other toxicants in the study.

Source of Information: The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 4(1 &2):01-12 , 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the present study it is observed that the toxic effect of A. rohituka seed extract was highly effective on H. fossilis. The effectivity of the seed extracts of C. viscosm, P. pinnata, A. auriculaeformis, A. catechu and D. innoxia seemed to be promising at different dose levels. The six indigenous plant extracts analysed might be helpful as controlling agent of undesirable fish species in the nursery, rearing and stocking ponds of a fish culture farm. It is suggested that laboratory based toxicological studies of crude dry products can give optimal information about the effectivity of the plant toxins on the fish species.

Knowledge Management: Journal