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Piscicidal Effects of Albizzia Procera (benth) Seeds, Swietenia Mahagoni (jacq) and Azadirachta Indica (a. Juss) Seed Kernels and Camellia Sinensis (wild) Seed Cake Extracts on Oreochromis Mossambicus (peters) and Channa Punctatus (bloch).

MUNIRA NASIRUDDIN
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong- 4331, Bangladesh

NASIMA BEGUM
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong- 4331, Bangladesh

MOHAMMAD ALI AZADI
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong- 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Piscicidal effects of distilled water and fifty percent ethyl alcohol extracts of Albizzia procera seeds, Swietenia mahagoni and Azadirachta indica seed kernels and Camellia sinensis seed cake were bioassayed upon Oreochromis mossambicus and Channa punctatus under normal laboratory conditions. Due to the toxic effects, the piscicide treated fishes showed irritability, excitement and gradual loss of balance. Mortality in both the species showed dose dependent increase with increasing concentrations. From the LC₅₀ values, the relative toxicities of the plant extracts for both the fishes were found to be A. procera seeds > C. sinensis seed cake > S. mahagoni seed kernels> A. indica seed kernel extracts. The degree of tolerance of the test fishes to any of the two extracts was in the order C. punctatus > O. mossambicus.

Keywords: Piscicide, Plant extract, Toxicity, Mortality, LC50

Location: Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

1. The present paper deals with the piscicidal action of dry seeds of Albizzia procera (Benth), seed kernels of Swietenia mahagoni (Jacq) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) and seed cake of Camellia sinensis (Wild) on Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and Channa punctatus (Bloch).

Methodology:

Dry seeds of Albizzia procera, seed kernels of Swietenia mahagoni and Azadirachta indica and seed cake of Camellia sinensis were stocked for the experiments. Healthy and live fishes of O. mossambicus were collected from a local pond and C. punctatus from fish markets of Chittagong city. Fishes were maintained in aquaria (60x30x30 cm³) containing tap water and acclimatized for 4 ± 1 hours in laboratory conditions. Necessary arrangements were taken for aeration of the experimental aquaria. The average total length, standard length and weight of O. mossambicus were 10.39 ± 1.74 cm, 8.01 ± 1.11 cm and 22.95 ± 7.25 g and that of C. punctatus were 14.3 ± 3.23 cm, 13.4 ± 3.22 cm and 31.32 ± 4.76 g respectively. Toxicants were extracted from pulverised dry seeds, seed kernels or seed cake powder with two solvents, namely distilled water and 50% ethyl alcohol. The proportion of dry seed, seed kernel or seed cake powder and the relevant solvent was 10 g/100 ml. The extract was filtered and the filtrate obtained was kept as stock solution from which different test concentrations were prepared. The required concentrations of the test solutions were obtained by appropriate dilution of the stock solution. For each set of experiment a certain (calculated) volume of the stock solution extract was added to certain volume of tap water so that the final volume in the experimental aquarium was always 5 litre in each of the replicates. The concentrations were prepared in terms of ppm. Several preliminary screening tests were done to ascertain the final concentration ranges used in the final experiments. Bioassays were done in the laboratory at room temperature (30 ± 3^oC) and were conducted in a series of glass aquaria (30x23x23 cm³). Different concentrations of the extracts were added to the aquaria to determine the LC₅₀ values for O. mossambicus and C. punctatus. Five concentrations of each extract were used in the final experiments. In each test five test fishes were released at random. Each concentration of the relevant toxicant was replicated twice. The test fishes were kept in the aquaria for an exposure period of 24 hours. Behaviour of the fishes in control and in the highest concentration of each of the extracts was observed. Mortality (%) was counted after 24 hours exposure. There was no control mortality. Mortality data was subjected to probit analysis. LC₅₀ with 95% confidence interval was analysed in a computer based probit analysis programme. Regression equation of each extract was calculated from empirical probit, working probit, weighting probit. Expected probit was calculated from empirical probit. Values of chisquare were determined following Fisher and Yates at 0.05 level of significance. Estimation of variation among treatments at 0.01 level of significance was made by F test. Relative potencies were calculated on the basis of a potency which was taken as a reciprocal of the equitoxic doses.

Source of Information: The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 4(1 &2):41-52 , 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Laboratory based toxicity study of crude plant products can give near optimal information regarding the spectrum of the plant’s toxic effect. From the present study it has appeared that the potentiality of the two plant extracts might be helpful to control the predatory or undesirable fish species in aquaculture ponds of commercially valuable fish species.

Knowledge Management: Journal