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Effect of Cadmium, Chromium and Mercury on the Liver Histology of Clarias Batrachus L.

SHAWKAT ARA BEGUM
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

BAHARUL HOQUE
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

QAMAR BANU
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Effect of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) on liver histology of Clarias batrachus L. was studied after 28 days of exposure to sub lethal concentrations in the said metals under laboratory condition. The common changes in the liver were disruption of hepatic cords, abnormal shape of hepatocytes, pyknotic nuclei, and congestion of blood vessels and sinusoids. Cadmium induced frequent vacuolation in hepatocytes, loss of cell boundary, clumping of nuclei. Atrophied hepatocytes with variegated cytoplasm and necrosed nuclei were specific to Cr stress, and prominent intercellular spaces around most of the hypertrophied hepatocytes appeared in the liver under Hg stress.

Keywords: Heavy metal, Pyknotic nuclei, Aatrophied hepatocytes, Variegated cytoplasm

Location: Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Heavy metal

Objectives:

1. The present work was an attempt to investigate the toxic effect of three heavy metals, such as Cr, Cd and Hg on the liver histology of a freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus L.

Methodology:

Fresh and live specimens of C. batrachus L. (average length 16 ± 3 cm and weight 70 ± 5 g) was bought from Chittagong city market and acclimatized for 7 days in 25 l aquarium, containing nonchlorinated tap water. In this condition, the fishes were given oligochaetes, prawn and small pieces of Harpodon nehereus as food once in a day and the contained water was changed at 24h interval. Following it, 15 fish specimens in each 25 l aquarium were exposed to each sub lethal conc. of heavy metals (Cd– 9 ppm, Cr– 12 ppm and Hg – 0.3 ppm) for 28 days along with a control without heavy metal. Test fishes in the aquaria were fed once a day with a change of solution after each feeding. Standard method was followed for histopathological study. At the end of the exposure period, liver from the metal exposed as well as control fishes were isolated, cleaned with physiological saline solution, cut into pieces and fixed in freshly prepared Bouin’s fixative. After 24 hours, tissues were transferred to 70% alcohol for preservation. For histological slides preparation, tissues were dehydrated in graded alcohol, cleared in benzene and embedded in paraffin. Thin sections (3-5 µ) were cut by a rotary microtome, double stained by eosinhaematoxylin, mounted with DPX for examination under microscope. Photomicrographs were taken by Ricoh 35 mm SLR camera.

Source of Information: The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 4(1 &2):63-72 , 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The hepatocytes with prominent variegated cytoplasm, atrophied and necrosed nuclei, and sinusoids congested with blood were the significant pathological symptoms in liver tissue of the test fish in response to Cr stress. Besides, disruption of normal arrangement of hepatic cords, congestion in blood vessels and sinusoids, variegated cytoplasm with heterogenous staining or clear cytoplasm of the hepatic cells due to loss of affinity for stain, etc., were noted in test fish on exposures to all three heavy metals.

Knowledge Management: Journal