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Histopathology of Stomach Tissue of Catfish Magur, Clarias Batrachus L. Under Chromium,cadmium and Mercury Stress

SHAWKAT ARA BEGUM
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

BAHARUL HOQUE
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

QAMAR BANU
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Histopathological effect of three heavy metals- cadmium, chromium and mercury on the stomach tissue of catfish Magur, Clarias batrachus L. was studied under laboratory condition. Pathological symptoms due to metal stress showed significant damage of mucosal epithelium, hypertrophied epithelial cells with pyknotic nuclei and clear cytoplasm, separation of epithelium, separation of damaged digestive gland cells from the basement membrane, and vacuolation and rupture in submucosa and muscularis layer. Damages of the mucosal epithelial and gastric gland cells due to Cr treatment were significant while the epithelial hypertrophied cells undergone further deterioration due to Cd and Hg exposure. Blood vessels were hyperemic and necrosed in Cd and clumping of blood cells in the lamina propria beneath the mucosal epithelium in the fish exposed to Cr.

Keywords: Heavy metal, Histopathology, Hypertrophy, Necrosis

Location: Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Heavy metal

Objectives:

1. The present work is an attempt to investigate the toxic effect of three heavy metals – cadmium, chromium and mercury on stomach tissue of the freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus L. under laboratory condition.

Methodology:

Fresh and live Magur (average length 16 ± 3 cm and weight 70 ± 5 g) was bought from Chittagong city market and conditioned for 7 days in 25 L aquarium in non chlorinated tap water. The fishes were supplied with animal food sources (oligochaetes, prawn and small pieces of Harpodon nehereus) once in a day. Water was changed at 24h interval. For experimental purposes, 15 fish in each 25L aquarium was exposed to each sub lethal conc. of heavy metals (Cd– 9 ppm, Cr– 12 ppm and Hg – 0.3 ppm) over 28 days periods and a control without heavy metal. Method of Humason (1961) was followed for histopathological study. At the end of the exposure period stomach from the treated as well as control fish were isolated, cleaned with physiological saline solution, cut into pieces and fixed in freshly prepared Bouin’s fixative. After 24 hours, tissues were preserved using 70% alcohol. For histological slide preparation, tissues were dehydrated in graded alcohol, cleared in benzene and embedded in paraffin. Thin sections (3-5µ) were cut by a rotary microtome, double stained by eosin-haematoxylin, mounted with DPX for examination under microscope. Photomicrographs were taken by Ricoh 35 mm SLR camera fitted with a microscope.

Source of Information: The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 5(1 &2):09-17 , 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present investigation, conspicuous spaces and ruptures in the lamina propria, submucosa and muscularis layers of stomach were observed in test fish when exposed in most of the heavy metals. These layers were also haemorrhagic as revealed by the presence of excess blood cells. Blood vessels were hyperemic and some times necrosed as observed in the stomach tissue of Cd treated Magur. Besides, the stomach tissue showed clumping of blood cells in the lamina propria just beneath the mucosal epithelium in the fish exposed to chromium. The submucosal reactions are usually a reflection of the mucosal response and are generally oedematous or haemorrhagic.

Knowledge Management: Journal