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Screening of Different Plant Extracts Against Leaf Spot (cercospora Arachidicola and Cercosporidium Personatum) of Groundnut (arachis Hypogaea L.)

M. H. HOSSAIN
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology, OFRD, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Comilla

I. HOSSAIN
Professor
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was undertaken to evaluate effectiveness of foliar spray with 33 plant extracts against leaf spot (Tikka) of groundnut caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum. Bavistin and BAU-Biofungicide were included in the experiment as checks and spray of plain water represented control. Almost all treatments gave considerable reduction in disease incidence and increase in growth parameters, pod and haulm yield compared to control. The most effective materials were Bavistin 50 WP, BAU-Biofungicide, leaf extract of neem, tomato, datura black, and datura white. The materials decreased spot number per leaf, defoliation per plant, incidence of leaf spot, and number of infected leaf per plant by 35.45 -60.07, 42.06-72.20, 51.97–63.58, and 38.33 to 46.89 % and increased pod yield and haulm yield by 64.37-111.41 and 32.35- 74.71 %, respectively. The materials may be recommended against the disease after economic analysis.

Keywords: Groundnut, Leaf spot disease, Plant extract, BAU-biofungicide and Bavistin.

Location: Plant Pathology, OFRD, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Comilla

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to screen some plant extracts against leaf spot (tikka) disease of groundnut under natural epiphytotic conditions.

Methodology:

Water extract of 23 plant materials were tested in the experiment against leaf spot of groundnut. They were extracts of neem seed (Azadirachta indicat) @ 5 % (w/v), leaves of ashoka (Saroca indica). debdaru (Polyalthia longifolia), and basok ( Adhatoda vasica) and fruit of dumur (Ficus hispida) @ 10 % (w/v), fresh leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), marigold (Tagetus patula), sapota (Achras sapota), betel leaf (Piper betle), and datura (white and black), dutura flower (Datura metel) @ 20 % (w/v), neem leaf (Azadirachta indica), mehedi leaf (Lawsonia internis), garlic clove (Allium sativam ) and bulb of onion (Allium cepa) @ 25 % (w/v), allamanda leaf (Allamanda cathartica), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates), ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale), bishkatali leaf (Polygonum hydropiper), shatrodrom leaf (Blumca laceera) and arjon bark (Terminalia orjona) @ 50 % (w/v) and karobi leaf (Nerium odorum) @ 100 %. Fresh plant materials were ground in a mortar and pestle and requisite quantity of water was added and passed through two- ply cheese cloth to prepare the extracts having appropriate concentration BAU-Biofungicide (Trichoderma based compost) @ 2.5 % and Bavision 50 WP (Carbendazim) @ 0.1 % were included in the experiment as check. Plain water (spray check) was used as absolute control. All the test materials were applied as foliar spray. The spray was started from 73 days after sowing and continued for 5 times at 15 days before harvest. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2007-2008. The field was prepared following standard procedures (Hossain et al., 1998). The experiment was laid out following randomized complete block design with three replications, maintaining 3.0 m x 1.2 m unit plot, 1.5 m block to block and 1.0 m plot to plot distances. The seeds of groundnut (variety Dhaka-1) were sown on 12 December 2007 in the line about 2-3 cm depth. The seed rate was 110 kg/ha. Seed to seed and line to line distances were 10 cm and 40 cm, respectively (DAE, 1985). Fertilizers were applied @ 10-50-80-30-2 kg/ha of N-P-K-S-B in the form of urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MoP), gypsum, and boric acid, respectively. Cowdung was applied @ 10 t/ha. Half of urea, the entire amount of other fertilizers and manure were applied to the field at the time of final land preparation. The remaining amount of urea was applied as top dress at 55 days after sowing. Irrigation, weeding and other intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. Data on plant height, number of total, infected and defoliated leaves/plant, number of lesions per leaf and disease incidence (% infected leaves/plant) were recorded. Incidence of leaf spot (%) was calculated following the formula stated below (Subrahmayam et al., 1995). The crop was harvested after 167 days after sowing. After harvest, data on number and weight of total, mature and immature pods/plant, weight of 100- pods, pod yield, and dry haulm yield were also recorded. All the data were analyzed statistically following MSTAT- C computer program.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 491-503, September 2013 ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results of the present study reveal that except few different plant materials tested, BAU-Biofungicide and Bavistin 50 WP are effective to control Tikka disease and to increase pod as well as haulm yield of groundnut. Efficacy of most of the extracts is satisfactory and as per with BAU-Biofungicide and Bavistin.

Knowledge Management: Journal