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Effect of Irrigation on Harvesting Time and Yield in Mango (mangifera Indica L.)

BABUL C. SARKER
Principal Scientific Officer
Pomology Division, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur.

M. A. R AHIM
Assistant Professor
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was carried out at the BAU Germplasm Centre, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the effect of irrigation on harvesting time, yield and quality attributes of mango cv. BARI Aam -3 (Amrapali) during the period from September 2005 to July 2006. There were seven treatments in the experiment viz., Irrigation at 15th October, Irrigation at 15 October and 15 November, Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to December, Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to January, Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to February, Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to March and Control (no irrigation). The plants those were irrigated twice on 15 October and 15 November exhibited the highest number of panicles per plant (137.33) compared to the lowest number of panicles per plant (9.00) in the treatment where irrigation was given at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to March. Two irrigations at 15 October and 15 November produced the highest number of fruits per plant (61.67) and irrigation applied on 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to December produced the lowest number of (11.00) fruits. Maximum yield (12.50 kg/plant) was recorded from the plants which were irrigated twice on 15 October and 15 November as compared to minimum yield (2.15 kg/plant) in plants irrigated on 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to December. Irrigation applied on 15th of each month starting from October to March resulted in the longest shelf life (7.28 days) as compared to control (5.63 days).

Keywords: Irrigation, Harvesting time, Yield, Mango

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-09-2005

End Date: 00-07-2006

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mango

Objectives:

To standardize the irrigation schedule for proper flowering, higher yield as well as quality in addition to extending availability period of fresh mango fruits.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the BAU Germplasm Centre, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from September 2005 to July 2006. Soil of the Germplasm Centre was sandy loam which belongs to the Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain Alluvial Tract (UNDP, 1988). The average annual rainfalls for 2005 and 2006 were 264.18 cm and 201.62 cm, respectively. The cultivar BARI Aam -3 (A mrapali) was included in the study and the age of the plants was 8 years having plant spacing of 5m x 5m. The single factor experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were; I ₁ : Irrigation at 15th October, I ₂ : Irrigation at 15th October and 15 November. I ₃ : Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to December, I ₄ : Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to January, I ₅ : Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to February, I ₆ : Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to March, I ₇ : Control (no irrigation). Irrigation following basin method was applied up to field capacity. Adequate care and management of the plants under the experiment was taken as per requirement. The plants were properly fertilized, and for controlling diseases, Bavistin @ 2 ml/L and for insects, Sumithion @ 2 ml/L, were applied once before flower opening and at pea stage of fruit. Data were recorded on length of terminal shoot, number of leaves per terminal shoot, leaf area, length of panicle, breadth of panicle, number of secondary branches per panicle, date of first panicle appearance, number of panicles emerged per plant at 10-day intervals starting from first appearance of panicle, fruit set per panicle, while number of fruits retained per panicle were recorded at 10-day intervals starting from pea stage upto harvest. Besides, data on date of harvest, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit breadth, fruit thickness, yield, edible portion, stone: pulp ratio, peel: pulp ratio, TSS and shelf life were also recorded. The number of leaves of te n randomly selected terminal shoots at flowering stage was counted and the average was worked out. Leaf area was measured for all the 50 leaves taking 5 fro m each of ten above selected shoots by a leaf area meter and expressed in square centimeter. The length and breadth of panicle and number of secondary branches per panicle of 10 randomly tagged panicles covering the whole tree were recorded and the average was worked out. Ten panicles were randomly selected from each treatment. The initial number of fruits in each panicle and the fruits to be retained per panicle at 10 day intervals starting from pea stage up to harvest was counted and the average was worked out. After harvest, 10 randomly selected fruits from each plant were used for collecting fruit parameters. Total soluble solid (TSS) of 10 fully ripe fruits from each treatment was estimated by a hand refractometer and the average was worked out. The difference between the harvesting date and the date up to which the fruits remained edible was considered as shelf life. The recorded data on different parameters of the experiment was tabulated and analyzed following appropriate design of experiment (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). All the treatment means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 127-136, March 2013, ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the results, it reveals that irrigation on 15 October and 15 November may be recommended for better flowering, higher yield, and quality. It also reveals that when irrigation continues beyond November stating from October, once in a month, only a few panicles emerge and the yield becomes very low.

Knowledge Management: Journal