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Treatment of Water from Different Sources for Safe Drinking of Rural Poultry and Livestock of Bangladesh

R. P. Ruma
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. H. Haque
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Zinnah
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. T. Hossain
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. T. Islam
2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. T. Rahman
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The research work was under taken to find out the effect of various treatments on water of different sources with a view to supply safe drinking water for rural poultry and livestock. For that, water of four different sources (lake, river, tap, tube well of BAU campus) were collected during the period from December 2006 to June 2007 and subjected to several treatments with physical (heat) and chemical (Hello tab, bleaching powder, potassium permanganate, alum and acetic acid) means in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 with a view to get water free from deleterious microorganisms those are easily transmitted through drinking water of the above mentioned sources. Water of all the sources were subjected to microbiological examination before and after treatment. No bacteria was found in the water samples collected from tube well of five places of BAU campus following cultural examination. Gram positive rod shaped bacteria were isolated from the river and tap water of Ishakhan Hall Lake (IHL), Brahmaputra river (BR), Taposhi Rabeya Hall (TRH), Teacher staff quarter (TSQ), Microbiology laboratory (ML) and Bangabandhu Hall (BBH) whereas Gram negative rod shaped bacteria (E. coli) were isolated from the water of IHL, BR and from the tap water of ML and BBH. Gram positive cocci was found only in the tap water of ML. The pre-treatment culture of water samples revealed that the TVC (387 CFU/ml) and TCC (75 CFU/ml) were highest in the water of lake compare to those of other water samples collected from river and taps. As a physical means heat treatment (100⁰C for 4 to 8 minutes) was highly effective. No single colony was found in all the water samples following treatment with heat. No changes in colour, taste and odour were noticed before and after heat treatment of all the water samples. Among the chemical agents, Hello tab (0.05 g/100 ml) was found to be the most effective to make the water free from all the microbial contamination. The taste, colour and odour of the Hello tab treated water samples were found as normal as safe drinking water. The colour, taste and odour of water treated with bleaching powder, potassium permanganate, alum and acetic acid were also examined and it was found that the colour, taste and odour were not normal after treatment of the water samples. Therefore, it may be concluded that the water treated with Hello tab was found superior compare to the water of other treatments in this study which was found free from microbial contamination and unpleasant taste and order.

Keywords: Water, Microorganisms, Chemical agents, Heat, Treatment

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-12-2006

End Date: 00-06-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Water quality, Poultry

Objectives:

To find out the effect of various treatments on water of different sources with a view to supply safe drinking water for rural poultry and livestock.

Methodology:

After collection of water samples in a conical flask, the mouth and neck of flask was covered with aluminium foil and taken to the laboratory for detail microbiological investigation. After collection of water samples, 100 μl of raw water was inoculated into nutrient agar media and EMB agar media by spread plate technique. The inoculated media was incubated at 37ºC for over night in an incubator. Different types of bacterial colonies found from each water sample were selected for Gram’s staining. The Gram’s staining method was performed for each individual colony as per method described. Hundred microliter of ten fold dilution of lake, river and tap water from original samples were transferred and spread on nutrient agar media using micro pipette for each dilution. The diluted samples were spread as quickly as possible on the surface of plate with a sterile glass spreader. Following incubation at 37ºC for 24-48 hours, plates exhibiting 30-300 colonies were counted. The average number of colonies in a particular dilution was multiplied by the dilution factor to obtain the total viable count. The total viable count was calculated according to ISO (1995). The result of total bacterial count was expressed as the number of organism or colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) of water samples. Hundred microliter of ten fold dilution of lake, river and tap water from original samples were transferred and spread on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar media using micropipette for each dilution. The diluted samples were spread as quickly as possible on the surface of plate with a sterile glass spreader and then incubated at 37ºC for 24-48 hours. The total coliform count was calculated according to ISO (1995). The result of total bacterial count was expressed as the number of organism or colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ ml) of water samples. Hundred ml water samples collected from lake were taken in two sterile conical flasks and each was heated using electric heater for 5 and 8 minutes. Similarly 100 ml of river and tap water were heated for 5 and 7 minutes, and 4 and 5 minutes, respectively using electric heater. After heat treatment all the water samples were kept at room temperature for 1 hour. Hello tab and bleaching powder were used at different concentration such as 0.01g, 0.05g and 0.1 g for the treatment of 100 ml water samples of different sources. Potassium permanganate was used @ 0.01g, 0.05g, 0.1 g, 0.3 g, 0.5 g, 0.6 g and 0.7 g per 100 ml water samples. Alum was used @ 0.2 g, 0.5 g, 0.7 g, 1 g, and 1.2 g per 100 ml water samples. For the treatment of 100 ml water samples, acetic acid was used @ 15 μl, 30 μl, 50 μl, 100 μl, 200 μl, 300 μl and 400 μl. After proper mixing of the test water with different chemical agents, it was incubated at room temperature for one hour. After one hour incubation, 100 μl of each treated water sample was inoculated into nutrient agar media and EMB agar media by spread plate techniques and incubated at 37ºC for over night in an incubator. Then observed for bacterial colony and TVC and TCC were calculated as before. Colour, odour and taste of all the water samples after treatment were tested and noted down, before and after treatment

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 37–43

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of the study, it may be suggested that tube well water may be the first priority for livestock and poultry. Alternatively, surface water after proper treatment with either heat (physical agent) or Hello tab (chemical agent) will be the second priority for consumption. But, heat treatment of water followed by cooling is somewhat cumbersome and costly compare to the treatment with Hello tab. Therefore, it may be concluded that treatment of water with Hello tab is more convenient, effective and reasonable compare to the other treatments in this study. That is why, Hello tab treated water can safely be used for the livestock and poultry at the farm level.

Knowledge Management: Journal