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Haemoprotozoan Infection in Ducks: Prevalence and Pathology

A. R. Dey
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

N. Begum
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Anisuzzaman
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. H. N. A. Khan
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. M. H. Monda
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The prevalence of haemoprotozoa in duck and pathological changes produced by these parasites were studied in different areas of Mymensingh district during July, 2007 to December, 2007. In this study 60% ducks were found to be infected with haemoprotozoa. Two species of haemoprotozoa were identified such as Leucocytozoon caulleryi and Leucocytozoon simondi. Prevalence of L. caulleryi (54.67%) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of L. simondi (5.33%) in ducks. The calculated odds ratio implied that ducks were 19.67 times more susceptible to L. caulleryi infection than L. simondi infection. Prevalence of haemoprotozoa was significantly (P<0.01) higher in male (78.94%) than female ducks (53.57%). Pathological lesions were observed in case of Leucocytozoon sp. infections. Grossly lungs were congested but other suspected organs such as liver, lungs, kidney and heart were apparently normal. Microscopically, comma shaped organisms were found in the hepatocyte of liver and alveolar epithelial cell of lungs accompanied with eosinophilic infiltration. Schizonts were also observed in the hepatocyte of liver and alveolar epithelial cell of lungs. The lungs alveoli were distended and ruptured in advanced stages. According to the result, it may be concluded that haemoprotozoan infection in duck is highly prevalent in Bangladesh and produces clinicopathological lesions in duck. So proper control measures should taken to reduce the prevalence of haemoprotozoa of duck in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Haemoprotozoa, Ducks, Prevalence, Detect

Location: Mymensingh district, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-07-2007

End Date: 00-12-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Duck

Objectives:

To detect different haemoprotozoa in duck along with their prevalence and pathological lesion produced by this haemoprotozoa.

Methodology:

To study the prevalence of haemoprotozoa of ducks and the pathological changes produced by them, ducks were selected randomly and collected from different local market and from farmer’s house of different villages of Mymensingh district. After collection of birds, age, sex, breed and body weight were recorded. Birds were examined carefully by parting of feathers against their natural direction and simultaneous close inspection to detect clinical signs if any and also to collect ectoparasites. Blood samples were collected from the wing vein of ducks with the help of syringe and needle. The thin smear was made immediately after the collection of blood for identification of blood protozoa. The smear was then air dried, fixed with absolute acetone free methanol, stained with Giemsa’s stain and then air dried. The slides were then examined under microscope in higher magnification (40X, 100X) for the detection of blood protozoa. Protozoa were identified according to the keys and descriptions. After ante-mortem examination, birds were slaughtered and allowed to bleed completely and then post-mortem examination was performed as described. The skin over-lying the breast and fluff were carefully removed. Then the abdominal wall was incised along the midline, starting from cloaca up to the posterior margin of the keel bone by a scissors. The ribs were then cut just lateral to the keel bone and keel bone was separated. After the opening of thoracic and abdominal cavities, the internal organs such as lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney and ovary was examined carefully to detect pathological changes. During necropsy suspected tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for histopathological studies. Formalin fixed tissue samples were processed, embedded, blocked and sectioned and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain following standard method.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 53–58

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJVM/article/view/1339/1327

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The calculated odds ratio implied that ducks were 19.67 times more susceptible to L. caulleryi infection than L. simondi infection. Prevalence of haemoprotozoa was significantly (P<0.01) higher in male (78.94%) than female ducks (53.57%). Pathological lesions were observed in case of Leucocytozoon sp. infections. Grossly lungs were congested but other suspected organs such as liver, lungs, kidney and heart were apparently normal. Microscopically, comma shaped organisms were found in the hepatocyte of liver and alveolar epithelial cell of lungs accompanied with eosinophilic infiltration. Schizonts were also observed in the hepatocyte of liver and alveolar epithelial cell of lungs. The lungs alveoli were distended and ruptured in advanced stages. According to the result, it may be concluded that haemoprotozoan infection in duck is highly prevalent in Bangladesh and produces clinicopathological lesions in duck. So proper control measures should taken to reduce the prevalence of haemoprotozoa of duck in Bangladesh. The pathology of experimentally infected L. caulleryi infection in 300 chickens. This change might be due to the liberation of gametocytes from the affected cells.

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