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Bacterial Flora Associated with Repeat Breeding and Uterine Infections in Dairy Cows

M. O. Gani
Goat and Sheep Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. M. Amin
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. G. S. Alam
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. E. H. Kayesh
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. R. Karim
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Samad
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. R. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted on 51 uterine biopsy samples collected from 14 normal fertile and 37 repeat breeding cows for bacteriological examinations to find out the prevalence of bacterial flora and their role in repeat breeding syndrome. Presence of bacteria was detected in 23 samples (62.2%) repeat breeding cases in contrast to only 4 (28.6%) bacterial infections from normal fertile cows. About 60% of the microbial isolates were commonly recovered from repeat breeders as well as from normal fertile cows in varying proportions. Of the 37 suffered from repeat breeders, 23 samples (62.2%) yielded 54 bacterial isolates; where Staphylococcus was predominant 14 (37.8%), followed by Bacillus 13 (35.1%), E. coli 11 (29.7%), Pseudomonas 7 (18.9%) while Gram negative minute rod shaped bacteria was 9 (24.3%). The isolates of Pseudomonas and Gram negative minute rod shaped bacteria were obtained only from repeat breeder cows with mucopurulent uterine discharges. There was a positive correlation (r=0.94) between repeat breeders and bacterial infection of uterus. Antibiotic sensitivity in the present study showed that almost all types of bacterial isolates were found moderately and highly sensitive to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin.

Keywords: Bacteria, Repeat breeding, Uterine biopsy, Histopathology, Antibiotic sensitivity

Location: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 01-07-2006

End Date: 31-05-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cow

Objectives:

To isolate and identify bacteria those are related with repeat breeding and finally investigate the antibiotic sensitivity to suggest the treatment for the control of this problem.

Methodology:

A total of 51 cows of which 37 were repeat breeders and 14 normal fertile cows were selected from Dairy Department of Kazi and Kazi Tea Estate Ltd., Rawshonpur, Tetulia, Panchagarh. The cows were the Holstein-Friesian cross (n = 31), Sahiwal cross (n = 12) and Local (n = 8). Detail gynacological examination was carried out as described. Cows reported to be normal cyclic and remained subfertile after three inseminations were classified as repeat breeders. Pregnant cows and cows manifesting functional anoestrus or cystic ovaries upon rectal palpation were not included. No insemination was done at least seven to eight days prior to sampling. Vaginal examination with a speculum or any other manipulation of the reproductive tract via the vagina was avoided at sampling. The perineal area was washed with soap and water. The sterilized biopsy catheter was inserted into the vagina and then passed though the cervix up to the body/horn of the uterus by holding the cervix through the rectum. The window of the biopsy catheter with sharpen edge was opened and with the help of the hand in the rectum, the medial uterine wall was pressed into the window. The tri-circular handle was smartly rotated to close the window inside the uterus in such away that pieces of endometrium (5 mm) along with tissue secretion was clipped off. Both aerobic (Nutrient broth; Difco Laboratories, Dertoit, Michigan) and anaerobic transport media (Liver extract broth) were used for dispatching the samples to the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for primary isolation. The anaerobic condition to these transport media was achieved by pouring 1.0 cm layer of autoclaved liquid paraffin over liver extract broths in the test tubes; the test tubes were heated 2-3 minutes to bubble up the residual oxygen before adding the paraffin. Specimens for bacterial cultures were transferred from the biopsied tissues into the transport media by aseptic swabbing. The tissues were processed following the standard technique for histology. Different pure colonies at primary isolation were picked up aseptically with inoculating loop and diluted into the sterilized nutrient broth. These individual diluted samples were thereafter thickly poured on large sized NA, BA and EMB agar plates and allowed to spread gently over the entire surface with a glass spreader. After one-two minutes eight (8) different culture sensitivity antibiotic discs (Penicillin-G 10 μg, Amoxicillin 25 μg, Gentamicin 120 μg, Spiramycin 100 μg, Oxytetracycline 30 μg, Streptomycin 10 μg, Ciprofloxacin 5 μg, Sulphamethoxazole 25 μg) were placed circularly at each agar plates with the help of sterile forceps. The results were interpreted using zone size following 24 hours of incubation at 37oC at aerobic condition. The following criteria were set to record the level of sensitivity according to the NCCLS (1984). Growth inhibition zone size <10 mm in diameter = Resistant (-), growth inhibition zone size >10 mm in diameter = Moderately sensitive (+) and growth inhibition zone size ≥15 mm in diameter = Highly sensitive (++).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 79–86

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The isolates of Pseudomonas and Gram negative minute rod shaped bacteria were obtained only from repeat breeder cows with mucopurulent uterine discharges. There was a positive correlation (r=0.94) between repeat breeders and bacterial infection of uterus. Antibiotic sensitivity in the present study showed that almost all types of bacterial isolates were found moderately and highly sensitive to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin. It’s sensitivity response need to be studied in anaerobic condition for assessing the exact response to specific antibiotics. It is suggested that penicillin and oxytetracyclin are the choice of drugs that can be used in treating uterine infections as because these antibiotics are effective in anaerobic environment of the uterus in presence of organic debris.

Knowledge Management: Journal