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Background Chemical Study of Relocated Hazaribagh Tannery Complex Environment, Savar

Y. N. JOLLY
Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P.O. Box 164, 4, Ramna, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

M. S. SULTANA
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh.

T. R. CHOUDHURY
Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P.O. Box 164, 4, Ramna, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

A. ISLAM
Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P.O. Box 164, 4, Ramna, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

N. I. SURAVI
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A background study of the chemical constituents of some environmental samples - tannery complex sand, river water, river sediment and river fishes collected from the Relocated Hazaribagh Tannery Complex (RHTC) area, was carried out. In sand samples the mean values for pH, EC and soluble salts were found to be 8.49, 0.02 mS/cm and 11.72 mg/kg and the mean concentrations of elements K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Pb, Rb and Sr were 94.8, 68.5, 16.6, 2.68, 129, 1.19, 0.23, 0.70, 0.32, 0.62 and 1.03 mg/kg, respectively. In river water samples the average concentrations of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, SO₄-2, PO₄-3, Cl-1 and NO₃ -1 were 13.09, 178, 0.41, 1.82, 0.073, 0.031, 0.010, 0.48, 0.057, 0.019, 15.6, 5.68 mg/l and the average values for pH, EC, DO, BOD, SS and DS were 8.02 and 0.35 mS/cm, 6.29, 4.21, 0.06, 0.36 mg/l, respectively. The elements K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr and Pb were measured in river sediment samples at the limit of 205, 155, 67, 6.02, 17.2, 798, 1.10, 1.24, 1.99, 0.31, 2.34, 2.63 and 0.35 mg/kg, respectively. In some locally available fishes like tengra, puti, baim, taki, shrimp, chanda and baila, only the elements K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Rb and Sr could be measured in all species of fishes in the range of 0.39 - 1.01, 0.68 - 2.29, 60.6 - 125, 46.3 - 174, 2.84 - 61.8 and 12.3 - 38.0% in mg/kg, respectively. In the light of the overall study, the chemical constituent levels of the environmental samples of the RHTC area at present are low and the environment is not yet contaminated.

Keywords: Environmental samples; Chemical constituents; EDXRF; AAS

Location: Hazaribagh Tannery Complex Environment, Savar

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Heavy metal

Objectives:

The main objective of the present research was to study the status of the background chemical composition of the environment of the new Hazaribagh tannery complex and its surroundings which will contribute generation of useful data that may be used as reference for further environmental monitoring in future.

Methodology:

Ten samples of sand from Relocated Hazaribagh Tannery Complex (RHTC) and ten samples of water and sediment, and five species of fish were collected from the river flowing beside RHTC in fresh polyethylene containers. The solid sample preparation involved the processes of oven drying at 60ºC overnight and grinding for making powder. The effective analysis of the water sample required preconcentration in preparation process which was performed through direct evaporation of 200 ml of sample to 10 ml on water bath for Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, (AAS) analysis. Besides, the preconcentration was also carried out by absorbing the sample (300 ml) on analar grade cellulose powder (0.1 g) taken in a porcelain dish through evaporation on water bath (XRF analysis). The cellulose absorbed sample was dried at 60ºC overnight, weighed, transferred to a carbide mortar and ground to fine powder and preserved in desiccator in a polyethylene bag. Fish samples were digested using microwave digestion system. Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were measured using a Jeneway EC and pH meters. The elemental analysis in solid and liquid matrices was carried out using isotopic source-based EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Florescence) and flame AAS techniques, respectively. Anions were measured by standard methods based on UV-visible spectrometry and Ion Selective Electrode techniques. For X-ray irradiation, the powdered solid sample (100 mg) was pressed into a pellet using a Perkin Elmer pellet maker and irradiated by an X-ray beam emitted from a radioisotope source (Cd-109) for excitation of elemental characteristic X-rays. The standards were also irradiated under similar conditions. The standards were run first for absorbance measurement using the concerned cathode lamp and then the unknown samples. Triplicate readings were taken for each measurement. The samples were diluted where necessary. The blank sample was always run against the experimental one. The elemental peak areas of the sample spectra of samples and standards were integrated using a QXAS software programme. A calibration curve (X-intensities vs Atomic number) was constructed based on the elemental X-ray intensities and their known concentrations. The concentrations of elements in the unknown samples were calculated using calibration factor obtained from the curve. A three point calibration curve (Absorbance vs concentration) was made from the average absorbance of the standard element. The elemental concentration in the real sample was calculated using calibration factor of the curve.

Source of Information: Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1, 45-51, 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The Relocated Hazaribagh Tannery Complex sand was found to have not yet been contaminated as indicated by its low elemental levels in comparison to those of the natural soil. The elemental concentrations and physicochemical characteristic values of river water were found to be comparable in some cases with the guideline values of drinking water. The concentrations of the elements in the river sediments were found to be in agreement with those of RHTC sand. All varieties of fishes - tengra, puti, baim, taki, shrimp, chanda and baila were found to contain the toxic elements (Cr, As, Cd and Pb) below detection limits.

Knowledge Management: Journal