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Crushing Mechanism of Oil Seeds and Performances of Animal Powered Ghani

M.S. Islam
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh, Bangladesh

R.I. Sarker
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.D. Hussain
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.M. Hossain
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A.K.M.S.Islam
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This paper describes the crushing mechanism of oil seeds, analysis the forces involved and the performance of animal powered ghani used in oil extraction. Comparisons of the performances of animal powered ghani with electrical and diesel powered ghanies are made. There was no significant difference of oil recovery between the various methods of crushing. The oil yield was higher at the beginning than the subsequent operating times and it was reduced very sharply after 2 hours of crushing. The pulling force was increased with crushing time as well as with crushing load.

Keywords: Crushng mechanism, Oil seeds, Performance of animal powered ghani

Location: BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Crusher

Objectives:

(l) To study the draught power requirement to operate the ghani

(2) To study oil extraction capacity

(3) To study mechanism of oil extraction

(4) To study power transmission system

(5) To study the crushing force requirements for oil extraction.

Methodology:

Oil extraction using animal powered ghanies are small scale industry usually found in the nonelectrified nonelectrified villages ofBangladesh. In order to collect information on the mechanisms of crushing and performances of animal powered ghani, detailed studies were carried out in different villages of Mymensingh district and experiments were performed with four ghanies. A spring loaded dynamometer was used to record the pulling force, while the rotational speed of the katari and crushing time were recorded using a stopwatch. The rirdius of the circle of rotation of the draught animal and the dimensions. of different components of the ghani were measured with a tape. From the radius of the circle of rotation and rev/min of draught animal, the linear speed of animal walk was calculated. From fhis speed and measured pulling force, the draught power required to operate the ghani was estimated. A balance was used to measure the oil yields and oil cake production from 5 kg of mustard seeds. The loss in gross weight was calculated by subtracting the total weight of oil and oil cake from input weight of mustard seeds. Percent of oil recovery was calculated by dividing the oil production rate by oil seeds crushing capacity. Efficiency of oil extraction was calculated by dividing the percentage of oil recovered by the extract oil content in mustard seeds. Mustard seeds contain 4044% oil of total weight (DAE, 1985; BBS, 1990). Weight of katari (W₁) and variable weights (W₂) placed time to time on the katari during crushing were recorded. Some information regarding performances of electric and diesel powered ghanies were also collected to. compare their performance . Based on the free body diagram , theoretical equations of forces acting on the connecting rope between katari and pestle, pulling force to operate the katari and the crushing force developed underneath the pestle can be obtained as:with animal powered ghanies.Based on the free body diagram , theoretical equations of forces acting on the connecting rope between katari and pestle, pulling force to operate the katari and the crushing force developed undemeath the pestle can be obtained as: When the katai rotates frictional force will develop between the oil seeds and pestle and between oil seeds and mortax. Oil extaction will take place due' to the simultaneous action of friction and pressure ([INIFEM, 1987). As oil extraction continues there will be a decrease of oil content in the crushed oil seeds paste and this will make the paste hard. This hardness will raise the frictional force which will need more crushing force to extract the remaining oil. Equations 5, 6, and 7 show that the crushing force is direly proportional to T and hence with W₂ .Thus with the increase of crushing time, W₂ will need to increase.

Source of Information: J. of Agril. Mach. & Mech.2(l), 1995 : 55-60 ISSN 1024-6290

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The following conclusions are made on the basis of the experimental results: (l) At least 2.5 hours were needed to crush a.batch of 5kg seeds by a ghani. (2) Pulling force increases with time of operation. Average pulling force was about 0.34 to 0.40 kN and power requirement was 0.24 to 0.3 kW for bullock ghani. (3) A pair of bullock was needed for continuous operation of the ghani. (a) The oil recovery was 31.25%. The ratio of oil production to the total recovery of oil after 2 hours of operation was very low and more extractions of oil could be done only by increasing the crushing load. But under this condition, the bullock was severely strained to pull the katari and sometimes it could not walk. (5) Diesel or eclectic operated ghanies are suitable where enough quantity of seeds are available. On the other hand, animal powered ghani requires low initial investment and feasible for the places where modern mills are not available.

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