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Inhibition of Spore Germination and Mycelial Growth of Three Fruit Rot Pathogens Using Some Chemical Fungicides and Botanical Extracts

Most. Ferdousi Begum
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Mst. Ferdowsi Mahal*
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Md. Shahidul Alam
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Six chemical fungicides and extracts of 15 locally available plants were tested against three fruit rot pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. capsici, Rhizopus artocurpi and Alternaria tenuis for the evaluation of inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth. Among the fungicides tested, all the concentrations of Ridomil showed 100% inhibition of spore germination and the least inhibition was recorded in case of treatment with Bavistin for F. oxysporium f. sp. capsici. In case of R. artocarpi and A. tenuis, Dithene–M 45 showed good inhibitory effects but Thiovit had no inhibitory effect against A. tenuis. Both leaf and seed extracts of Azadirachta indica showed good inhibitory effect than tested with other plant extracts. Moringa oleifera extract showed least inhibitory effect against all the fungi tested. Datura metel, Plygonum oriantale, Tagestes patula and Micania scandens also showed promising inhibition on spore germination and mycelial growth of all the pathogens tested.

Keywords: Fruit rot pathogens, Plant extracts, Chemical fungicides, spore germination, Mycelial growth, PIGR.

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To determine the effects of 6 chemical fungicides and extracts of 15 different plants on three fruit rot pathogens, such as F. oxysporium f. sp. capsici, R. artocarpi and A. tenuis.

Methodology:

Pathogens used: A. tenuis, and F. oxysporium f. sp. capsici were isolated from fruit rot disease affected chillies; and R. artocarpi was isolated from infected jackfruit. The fungal pathogens were cultured on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium and stored at 4ºC for experimentation. Effect of chemical fungicides: Spores of three pathogens were taken from 7 day-old cultures on PDA. Spore suspension (103 conidia/ml) were made separately against five different concentrations of the chemical fungicides (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm) when the threads were thoroughly covered with mycelium and spores. The spores were removed and put in triplicate in fungicidal solution or suspensions in sterile water where different concentrations of each fungicide were used. Five ml suspensions of each were taken in small sterilized Petri dishes (65 mm) and kept at 28 ºC for 30 min. Preparation of plant extracts: Extractions of root, seed, bark and leaf tissues were made in 80% ethyl alcohol following the method described by Mahadevan and Sridhar (1982). Plant tissues (5 g each) were cut into pieces and plunged immediately in boiling alcohol (5-10 ml/g tissues) in a beaker and allowed to boil for 5-10 min. The extracts were made on top of a steam bath and then cooled in a pan of cold water. The tissues were crushed thoroughly in a mortar with a pestle and passed through two layers of cheese-cloth. The ground tissues were re-extracted for 3 min in hot alcohol (2-3 ml/g). Inhibition of spore germination by plant extracts: Spores from the culture on PDA plates were taken and suspensions of spores were made separately with different plant extracts. These suspensions (1.25 ml) were taken in small sterilized Petri dishes and were kept at 30ºC for 30 min. A drop of treated spore suspension (with different plant extract) was taken on separate slides in a moisture chamber for 24 hrs of incubation. Then a drop of lacto phenol cotton blue was placed on the spore suspension on each of the slides. The slides were examined under microscope (×40) for recording the percentage of spore germination. Mycelial growth inhibition by plant extracts: For growth inhibition tests stock solutions were prepared by crushing known weight of fresh leaves with distilled water (1:1 by W/V). For barks and fruits, the ratio was 1:2 whereas bulbs were crushed without adding water. The pulverized mass of a plant part was passed through a three-fold fine cloth and was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min. The supernatant was filtered through Whatman’s No. 1 filter paper and the filtrate was collected in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The filtrate of each plant extract was mixed with PDA medium to make 5, 10 and 20% concentrations. After autoclaving, a plant extract supplemented medium was poured in sterilized Petri plates and allowed to solidify. Statistical analyses: For analyzing the experimental data, arcsine angular transformations were made. Least significant differences (LSD) were determined wherever the calculated F values (analysis of variance, ANOVA) were significant at 5% level (Snedecor and Cochran 1980).

Source of Information: J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 5: 23-27, 2010 ISSN 1990-4827

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Chemical fungicides and extracts of locally available plants tested against three fruit rot pathogens inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth significantly. Effects of two fungicides (Ridomil and Dithene-M45) and a plant extract (Azadirachta indica) were promising compared to others.

Knowledge Management: Journal