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Comparative Efficacy of Analgesic and Anaesthetic Drugs for High Epidural Analgesia in Black Bengal Goats

R. A. Runa
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Hashim
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Hossain
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

A. A. M. Bhuyan
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. S. Alam
Holy Family Red Crescent Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of analgesic and anaesthetic drugs on high epidural analgesia in Black Bengal goats were investigated. The animals were divided into five groups (n=8) and a replication of 8 trials was performed in each group at least one week interval. Two percent (2%) lidocaine hydrochloride, 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride, 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline, ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam were administered into lumbo-sacral (high epidural) space for high epidural analgesia. Bupivacaine hydrochloride significantly (P<0.05) decreased respiration rates, rectal temperature, however, increased heart rates during high epidural analgesia with prolonged analgesia compared to other drugs. Lidocaine hydrochloride showed a rapid onset and excellent analgesia and did not produce any side effects whereas, diazepam exhibited delay onset with short duration of analgesia. It seems that 2% lidocaine hydrochloride is effective for high epidural analgesia in goats.

Keywords: Analgesics, Anaesthetics, High epidural analgesia, Goats

Location: Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Veterinary Clinic, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To find out the analgesic effects of different analgesic and anaesthetic drugs during high epidural analgesia.

Methodology:

A total of 8 (3 castrated males and 5 non pregnant females) goats were taken for the experiment in the operation theatre of the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Veterinary Clinic, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The body weight of these animals ranged from 7 to 10 kg and age ranged from 8 to 15 months. They were allowed to graze in the open field for 5 to 6 hours daily and water ad libitum. The animals were restrained on the operation table in right lateral recumbency. The site of injection was clipped, cleaned and disinfected and analgesic solution was inserted at the lumbo-sacral space. The animals were divided into 5 (five) different groups and a replication of 8 trails were performed in each group at one week interval. Two percent (2%) lidocaine hydrochloride (Jasocaine®, Jayson Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) 3ml, 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (Ultracaine®, Jayson Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) 3ml, 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline (Jasocaine A®, Jayson Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) 3ml, ketamine hydrochloride (Calypsol®, Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) 1ml and diazepam (Sedil®, Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) 2ml were injected into lumbo-sacral space in groups A, B, C, D and E respectively. Respiration rate, heart rate and rectal temperature were recorded before, during and after recovery of analgesia. The state of analgesia was determined by needle pricking in the lumbar region in every 5 minutes. Analgesia was assessed as “+++” (no response), “++” (slight movement or reflex response), “+” (avoidance response) by scoring excellent, adequate and poor respectively. Onset, peak point and the duration of analgesia were recorded and measured by a scale. Tail movement, leg movement and any side effects were closely observed and recorded during the course of analgesia. The data were analyzed statistically by Students’ Paired “t” test and ANOVA in completely randomized design.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 103–106

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The inherent spreading power of lidocaine might be responsible for its wider spread blockade and intense action. The duration of analgesia with 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride was found longer than 2% lignocaine hydrochloride in this experiment. The protein binding characteristics of local analgesic agents influence the duration of action. Lidocaine showed intermediate duration of action among other agents used here. The duration of analgesia with diazepam was very short among all the groups of the experiment. Drowsiness and shivering were found during epidural analgesia with 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. These findings are in agreement with the study reported. In case of diazepam more drowsiness and salivation were observed in all the animals. It is suggested that 2% lidocaine hydrochloride is the effective analgesic agent for high epidural analgesia comparing to other agents.

Knowledge Management: Journal