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Effects of Various Anaesthetic Combinations on Pain Management After Ovariohysterectomy in Bitches

M. S. Islam
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Dinajpur Government Veterinary College, Basherhat, Dinajpur-5200.

M. A. Hashim
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. S. Alam
Holy Family Red Crescent Hospital, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was carried out for the assessment of various anaesthetic combinations on pain management after ovariohysterectomy and to find out the best combination of premedication and anaesthetic drugs for prevention of pain in dogs during the period from May to October 2005 in the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. Twenty seven bitches were allocated into three equal groups. The treatment groups were the Atropine-Ketamine-Xylazine (AKX), Atropine-Diazepam-Thiopentone (ADT), and Atropine-Thiopentone-Xylazine (ATX). As local analgesic, 2% lignocaine hydrochloride was administered before closing the external skin wound during experiment in all groups. The levels of analgesia and wound tenderness were assessed by dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS). Parametric variables were analyzed using Student’s t-test, paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA in the appropriate cases. Overall, postoperative pain and wound tenderness score increased significantly (p < 0.01) irrespective of groups. Pain decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in ADT group compared to other two groups. Similarly, wound tenderness decreased significantly (p< 0.01) in ADT group at each observation compared to other two groups (ATX and AKX). No adverse event or reaction was observed through the courses of the study. It was demonstrated that Atropine-Diazepam-Thiopentone group provided an excellent analgesia compared to AKX and ATX. A multimodal approach of anaesthesia during ovariohysterectomy in bitches is suggested for prevention of pain.

Keywords: Anaesthetic, Pain, Ovariohysterectomy, Bitch

Location: Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-05-2005

End Date: 00-10-2005

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Becteriocides

Objectives:

To evaluate various anaesthetic combinations on pain management after ovariohysterectomy,
To find out the best combination of premedication and anaesthetic drugs for control of pain in bitches.

Methodology:

During the period May to October 2005, twenty-seven bitches were caught from the local area of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 and the experiment was done in the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. Ages of the bitches ranged from 1.5 to 2 years (determination of age on the basis of dental formula). Body weight ranged from 12 to 16 kg with a median of 14 kg. The animals were divided equally into three groups as AKX (Atropine Ketamine Xylazine), ADT (Atropine Diazepam Thiopentone), and ATX (Atropine Thiopentone Xylazine). Every bitch received 0.05 mg/kg atropine intramuscularly. In AKX group five minutes later ketamine was given at 5.5 mg/kg body weight together with 1 mg/kg xylazine intravenously. In the ADT group diazepam was given intramuscularly at 1 mg/kg and ten minutes after thiopentone was given intravenously at 20mg/kg. In the ATX group at 1 mg/kg xylazine was given intravenously and seven minutes after thiopentone was given intravenously at 20 mg/kg. The above anaesthetic combinations were used for general anaesthesia and as local analgesic lignocaine hydrochloride was used in all groups. During anaesthesia, all the bitches were monitored for the depth of anaesthesia, pulse and respiratory rate. Physical examination was performed in all groups prior to anaesthesia and only the apparently healthy bitches were selected. Baseline values were recorded for heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Pricking with needle, pressing with palm respectively made the assessment of pre-operative pain and wound tenderness for baseline value just before pre-medication. All these scores were recorded on the dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS). All the bitches were scored for signs of pain; wound tenderness at 0.5 hr after pre-medication and at 0.5 hr, 1.0 hr and 1.5 hr after surgery. Parametric variables were analyzed statistically as Student’s t-test was used to analyze the effect of different treatment at different interval, Student’s paired t-test was performed to compare the effect of different treatments at each of the assessment time and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to find the significant variation between effects in different assessment time.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006): 47–51

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the result it was found that wound tenderness was sufficiently lower (p < 0.01) in Atropine- Diazepam- Thiopentone (ADT) group compared to AKX and ATX group. It is probably due to relaxation of smooth muscle properties of diazepam. Broadly speaking, there is no rigid explanation of this disparity; the reason may be the onset and duration of action of different types local analgesic used. The Student’s ‘t’-test for one sample statistics revealed that the DIVAS wound tenderness within each treatment group were increased at each assessment time at 0.5 hour, 1.0 hour and 1.5 hour. In present study, it was found that the sedative effect of the Atropine- Diazepam-Thiopentone (ADT) group was better compared with ATX and AKX. Diazepam at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly was used in bitches, which greatly facilitated by the reduction of fear and limiting of sudden movement. The sedation observed in this study include irritative crying, decrease response to noise, mild relaxation of jaw, drowsiness, reduce response to pin pricks, slight incoordination and muscle relaxation, dropping of the upper eyelids and sluggish pedal reflexes which corresponds the study reported in goats and in yaks.

Knowledge Management: Journal