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Community Structures of Endoparasitic Helminths of Channa Punctatus from a Fresh Water River and a Polluted Lagoon of Bangladesh

Md. Osman Ghani
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Aminul Islam Bhuiyan
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Community structures of the parasites of Channa punctatus collected from fresh water Ichamoti river (IR) and a polluted sewerage treatment lagoon (SL) near Dhaka city were determined. Out of the total 104 C. punctatus fish observed, 78.85% were parasitized by at least one species of helminth endoparasites. Twelve metazoan endoparasite (viz. six trematodes, one cestode, three nematodes and two acantho-cephalans) were recorded. Neopecoelina saharanpuriensis, Pallisentis nandai, P. ophiocephali, Ascaridia sp. were common in both sites. Euclinostomum heterostomum, an unidentified digenean, Genarchopsis ozakii, Gangesia bengalensis, Buckleynema channi were recorded from IR and Genarchopsis bangladensis, Phyllodistomum chauhani, Camallanus intestinalus from the SL fishes. Trematode was the most prevalent group and had 63.46% and 53.85% prevalence in IR and SL sample fishes, respectively. Among the parasites of IR sample, only E. heterostomum was accounted as secondary and others fall in the satellite species category; no central species accounted in the sample. In case of SL sample, no parasite species found central, Pallisentis spp. could be considered secondary and others as satellite species. A significant positive correlation was observed between the standard length of the host, and the abundance and prevalence found only for Pallisentis spp. in SL fishes, and between the standard length and the abundance of the Ascaridia sp. in IR fishes. The larger hosts were more infected than the smaller hosts. Parasites of the fish of both sites showed typical over-dispersed distribution pattern in both the sites. No parasite showed random or uniform distribution in both the sample fishes. Parasite species richness index was lower in SL sample. Prevalence and intensity were higher in both sexes in SL sample than those of in IR sample.

Keywords: Community structure, Status, Channa punctatus, Endoparasitic helminths, Bangladesh.

Location: Fresh water Ichamoti river (IR) and a polluted sewerage treatment lagoon (SL) near Dhaka city

Start Date: 00-09-2010

End Date: 00-03-2011

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to determine the community structure of the parasites of Channa punctatus collected from a fresh water river and a polluted sewerage lagoon near Dhaka city.

Methodology:

The host C. punctatus was sampled from two different water bodies near Dhaka, selected according to their different water quality as- Polluted water: Sewage treatment lagoon (SL) of Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA), Pagla, Narayanganj; and Unpolluted fresh water: Ichamoti River (IR), near the village Saperchor, Munshiganj. A total of 104 (52 from each site) C. punctatus individuals was collected from the local fishermen in between September 2010 and March 2011. The samples were collected as live from their habitat water and immediately brought to the Parasitology laboratory of the Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. Investigation on helminth parasites: The examination was aimed to study the infection in the fish by endoparasitic helminths. Sex, size and organwise infection of the fish by each type of parasite was recorded. Measurements and sexes were noted before autopsy. All the parasites from each organ were sorted, cleaned and counted. They were preserved in 70% alcohol. Berland’s (1982) methods were used for staining and mounting. Calculation and data analysis: To describe the structure of infra and component-communities, the data related to parasite abundance, prevalence, intensity and species richness were recorded following Bush et al. (1997). The classification of the species was done according to the importance value for the community (Bush and Holmes 1986) as Central species (Cen) = present in more than 66.6% of the total number of fish analyzed; Secondary species (Sec) = present between 33.3 and 66.6% of samples; and Satellite species (Sat) = lower than 33.3% of samples. The analysis included only component parasite species, whose prevalence was greater than 10% (Bush et. al. 1990). Community structure of parasites has been determined as a function of host habitats, sizes, sexes. We mainly used prevalence, intensity, diversity index and species richness to chalk out community structure of parasites of the host fish. Under the dissecting microscope two species of Pallisentis (P. nandai and P. ophiocephali) looked similar. The morphological characteristics became apparent only when the parasites were studied under high magnification using a compound microscope. That is why for calculation these two species have been referred to as Pallisentis spp. One nematode, Ascaridia could not be identified to species level and one trematode could not be identify to genus level even. Statistical tests were conducted by using XLSTAT 2011 (Kruskal-Wallis test) and SPSS 14.0 (Pearson linear correlation and Spearman’s rank correlation) software package. The statistical significance level adopted was p ≤ 0.05.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 39(2): 173-185, 2011

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Community structure of the parasites of C. punctatus of fresh water Ichamoti river varied from that of a polluted sewerage lagoon near Dhaka city. Some parasites were common in both the sites while others were site specific. Parasite species richness index was lower in SL fishes. Parasites of the fishes of both the sites showed typical over the dispersed pattern of distribution.

Knowledge Management: Journal