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Sero-prevalence Study of Brucellosis in Cattle and Contact Human in Mymensingh District.

A. Nahar
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. U. Ahmed
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and in contact human in Veterinary Clinic and Dairy Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) from June 2007 to November 2007. A total of 200 sera samples from cattle and 50 sera samples from human were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic and USDA funded Red Chittagong cattle project at BAU Dairy Farm. Questionnaire based data on risk factors were collected both in cattle and in contact human. Sera were separated from blood samples and tested with the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) parallely. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of brucellosis both in cattle and in contact human using SPSS®. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and in contact human were found 4.5% and 6% respectively. Statistically insignificant higher seroprevalence of brucellosis was found in cattle aged above 4 years and in human aged above 30 years, in Red Chittagong cattle of BAU dairy farm, in female of cattle and in male of human, in cattle with grazing, in pregnant cows, in animal owner and in human with smoking.

Keywords: Seroprevalence, Rose bengal , Standard Tube Agglutination Test

Location: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-06-2007

End Date: 00-11-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence and distribution of brucellosis in cattle and in contact human and to identify risk factors of brucellosis in cattle and in contact human.

Methodology:

A total of 200 sera samples from cattle and 50 sera samples from human were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic and USDA funded Red Chittagong cattle project at BAU Dairy Farm. Among cattle sera samples, 151 sera samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic and 49 sera samples were collected from Red Chittagong cattle of USDA project nucleus herd at BAU Dairy Farm. Among human sera samples, 26 sera samples from students of Faculty of Veterinary Science, 7 sera samples from animal owners, 13 sera samples from clinical attendants of BAU Veterinary Clinic and BAU dairy farm, and 4 sera samples from butchers were collected. In case of cattle, questionnaire based data on age, gender, breed, area, pregnancy status, grazing pattern were recorded . Similarly for in contact human, questionnaire based data on age, gender, type of contact and habit of smoking were recorded. At first the animal was controlled by the owner and attendant and then the site of blood collection at jugular furrow was soaked with tincture of iodine. About 7-10 ml of blood was collected from jugular vein of each of cattle and 5-7 ml blood from radial vein of each of human with the help of sterile disposable syringe and needle and was kept undisturbed on a tray for at least 30 min. at room temperature in a slightly inclined position to facilitate clotting and separation of serum. After this period, the clotted blood samples with sera are transferred to refrigerator at 4⁰C and kept overnight. Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) were used for diagnosis of brucellosis. Sera were separated from blood samples and tested with the Rose Bengal Test and Standard Tube agglutination test parallely. The test was performed according to the procedure as described by OIE, 2004. The control sera, test serum samples and Rose Bengal antigen (INSTITUT POURQUIER-326 Rue de la Galera-34090 MONTPELLIERFRANCE, prepared by concentrated suspension of Brucella abortus Weybridge stain 99) were kept for 1 hour in room temperature before beginning of the test. The test sera samples and control sera were homogenized using a vortex (Shaker). Thirty (30) μl of each serum to be tested was placed on a glass plate circled approximately 2 cm in diameter. This test is mostly wide used of all serological test for brucellosis and simple to perform.Smooth whole cells of Brucella abortus were used as antigen for detection of Brucella specific IgG and IgM antibodies. At first serum samples were diluted in saline (NaCl 9g/L). A row of test tubes was prepared for antigen started from 1:20 upto1:320.Two tubes were prepared for positive and negative control using 0.1ml control +0.9ml NaClg/L. A drop of antigen suspension after shaking was added to each tube and mixed thoroughly. The questionnaire based data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2003 and transferred to SPSS® for statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors of brucellosis both in cattle and in contact human using software SPSS®.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2009). 7(1) : 269 – 274

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present study, the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 4.5% in cattle which is higher than the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis, 2% and 2.33% are reported. But this finding is in agreement with reported animal-level seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle is 2.4%-18.4% while the herd-level seroprevalence in cattle is 62.5%. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 6% in contact human which is lower than seroprevalence of brucellosis,12.8% reported. This is due to majority (26 out of 50) of human samples was taken from the students of the Faculty of Veterinary Science who are less exposed to animal contact than animal attendants. The present study revealed that prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis are greatly influenced by age, gender, breed, area, pregnancy status, grazing pattern in cattle and age, gender, type of contact, habit of smoking in contact human. For further studies, isolation and characterization of Brucella organism as well as type of Brucella are recommended.

Knowledge Management: Journal