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Environmental Impact Assessment of Fish Diseases on Fish Production

M K Hossain
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

K T Islam
Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation College, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M D Hossain
Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

M H Rahman
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present research work was conducted from July 2008 to June 2009 to investigate intensity of infestation of parasites in freshwater fishes and the impact of fish diseases on fish production in northern region of Bangladesh. Possibility of out break of diseases due to deterioration of environmental factors of water bodies was included in this study. The diseases identified were ulcer diseases, EUS (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome), Ichthyophthiriasis, Trichodiniasis, Chilodoneliasis, Myxoboliasis, Dactylogyrosis, Gyrodactylosis, Argulosis, Pernicious anaemia, Red spot disease, Red Pest of freshwater eel, Mouth fungus, Branchiomysis, Abdominal dropsy and whirling disease. The infestation more occurred in young fishes than in adult fishes. The overall water qualities of water bodies fluctuated from July 2008 to June 2009. Physicochemical parameters have more or less significant combined effect on the deterioration of water quality as well as fish diseases. Gills were the most affected sites and parasites damaged gill filaments by rupturing blood capillaries, causing necrosis, coagulation and hemorrhage. The present study revealed the prevalence of different organisms in fishes, which are potential pathogen for them. Fishes were infested by parasites and other pathogens. From overall study it was observed that the parasites, bacteria and fungus were most important pathogen for outbreak of diseases. It was also observed that there was a direct relation between disease outbreak among fishes and environmental factors. Low alkalinity reduces the buffer capacity of water and badly affects the pond ecosystem, which in turn cause stress to the fish and become more susceptible to diseases. In case of low aquatic environmental temperature fish reduces metabolic activities, which in turn makes the fish more susceptible during the winter period towards parasitic infection.

Keywords: Environment, Impact, Fish, Disease, Production

Location: Rajshahi, Naogaon, Natore and Bogra districts.

Start Date: 00-07-2008

End Date: 00-06-2009

Program Area: Pest Management

Non-commodity: Impact

Objectives:

Under these circumstances, we have to take several steps towards finding effective solutions to prevent spread of aquatic animal disease. Measure of disease prevention and health management in fish culture has to be taken. Since the disease has tremendous impact on fish production, consumption, and trade and aquaculture practice in the country, it is necessary to investigate the true causal pathogen and pathogenecity etc. of the disease.

Methodology:

During the survey on fish production statistics 20 nursery operators, 40 fish farmers and 40 fishermen from each of the study areas were interviewed for production statistics. All total 80 nursery operators, 160 fish farmers and 160 fishermen, in total 400 persons were interviewed during the period of investigation. The survey was done through questionnaire and participatory rural appraisal methods in four districts in northern region namely Rajshahi, Naogaon, Natore and Bogra districts. The research work was conducted during July 2008 to June 2009. The water quality was measured with the filed Hach Kit. Disease was observed with naked eyes first, then by magnifying glass and by the movement and behavior. After having removed the fish from the water, the colour of the body was noted. The skin was always examined with a magnifying glass. It was determined whether there were deformities of the vertebral column and of the mandibles, or perforation and /or shortening of the opercula. Finally the anus was examined for any swelling, and the texture of the muscle was determined to see whether any ulcer or inflammation were present. The diseases were identified according to the methods of Amlacher (1961).

Source of Information: J. Sci. Foundation, 9(1&2): 125-131, June-December 2011, ISSN 1728-7855

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study revealed the prevalence of different organisms in fishes, which are potential pathogen for them. Fishes were infested by parasites and other pathogens. From overall study it was observed that the parasites, bacteria and fungus were most important pathogen for outbreak of diseases. It was also observed that there was a direct relation between disease outbreak among fishes and environmental factors. Low alkalinity reduces the buffer capacity of water and badly affects the pond ecosystem, which in turn cause stress to the fish and become more susceptible to diseases. In case of low aquatic environmental temperature fish reduces metabolic activities, which in turn makes the fish more susceptible during the winter period towards parasitic infection.

Knowledge Management: Journal