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Study on Combining Ability and Heterosis for Yield Contributing Characters in Bread Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.)

M. A. Hooque
Officer, Islamic Bank Bangladesh Limited, Panchagar Branch

M. Arifuzzaman
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Hajee M. Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

A. K. M. Shamsuddin
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

F. Sharmeen
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Hajee M. Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

A. K. Azad
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Hajee M. Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A 6 x 6 diallel experiment (excluding reciprocal) was undertaken on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to study combining ability and heterosis over mid parent for yield and yield contributing characters. Significant variation among the genotypes including parents and the F1 was recorded for different characters viz. days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, plant height, spikes per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, 100 grain weight and grain yield per plant. Analysis of combining ability showed significant variation for both GCA and SCA effects for the characters such as days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, plant height, spikelets per spike, grains per spike and 100 grain weight. The characters such as spikes per plant, spike length and grain yield per plant were significant for GCA. The characters expressing significant GCA and SCA variances were controlled by both additive and non-additive gene actions. The characters having only significant GCA variance were controlled by additive and non-additive gene action. The genotype Gourab appeared to be the best general combiner for four characters viz. days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, 100-grain weight and grain yield per plant. Sonalika estimated the highest (3.51) positive and significant GCA effect for grains per spike. Chirya-3 had highest (3.51) positive and significant GCA effect spike length. SCA effect of the crosses revealed that Gourab x Sonalika, Gourab x Chirya-3 and Sonalka x Chirya-3 were best specific combiners for yield and yield contributing characters. There was significant heterosis for all yield contributing characters. Among 15 crosses, 5 crosses showed positive and significant heterosis for grain yield per plant. Heterosis for grain yield per plant reached up to 19.14 % in the cross Gourab x Sonalika. The crosses Gourab x Opata, Gourab x Sonalika, Gourab x Chirya-3, Sonalika x Ananda and Wuhan x Opata expressed positive significant heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters. Therefore, these crosses could be used in hybrid development programme.

Keywords: General combining ability (GCA), Specific combining ability (SCA), Heterosis, Bread wheat

Location: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2004

End Date: 00-03-2006

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. To identify the potential parents or crosses for breeding to develop high yielding potential cultivars. From the point of view the present investigation was attempted to find out the combining ability of some crosses for yield and yield contributing characters and also to know the hybrid performance of the crosses.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from November, 2004 to March, 2006. Six genotypes of bread wheat namely Gourab, Sonalika, Chyria-3 Ananda, Wuhan and Opata. For this experiment wheat germplasm collection in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The unit plot size was 2m x 2.5m where plant to plant distance was 5cm and row to row distance was 25cm. Recommended doses of fertilizers and manures were applied to the soil. The six parents and their 15 F1 hybrids were sown in the field on November 29, 2005. Intercultural practices were done uniformly for all genotypes. Different genotypes matured at different times. So harvesting was completed by 22 - 30 March, 2006. Data were collected on days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, plant height, spikes per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, 100 grain weight and grain yield per plant from 10 randomely selected plants of each plot. Combining ability was analyzed following the Method II and Model I.The amount of heterosis was estimated by comparing the mean of F1 hybrids over mid parental value.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 3(1): 65-70, 2010; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The genotype Gourab appeared to be the best general combiner for four characters viz. days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, 100-grain weight and grain yield per plant. Sonalika estimated the highest (3.51) positive and significant GCA effect for grains per spike. Chirya-3 had highest (3.51) positive and significant GCA effect spike length. SCA effect of the crosses revealed that Gourab x Sonalika, Gourab x Chirya-3 and Sonalka x Chirya-3 were best specific combiners for yield and yield contributing characters. There was significant heterosis for all yield contributing characters. Among 15 crosses, 5 crosses showed positive and significant heterosis for grain yield per plant. Heterosis for grain yield per plant reached up to 19.14 % in the cross Gourab x Sonalika. The crosses Gourab x Opata, Gourab x Sonalika, Gourab x Chirya-3, Sonalika x Ananda and Wuhan x Opata expressed positive significant heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters. Therefore, these crosses could be used in hybrid development programme.

Knowledge Management: Journal